Influence of Personality on Success

Influence of Personality on SuccessThe present composing attempts to examine the inherent connection betwixt record and success. The bourn some peer littleality is derived from Latin word persona, a mask worn by actors in classical dramas. Behaviorist psychologists feel that if a person has some human body of impact or makes a certain impression on separates, it moldinessiness be because of his actions. The simplest meaning of personalisedity, thitherfore, is the pattern of responses which characterizes the individual. An individuals personality is invariably revealed through interactions in the personal, mixer and the master argonna, for the act of discourse determines how wiz views and in break is viewed by the valet around. In the modern world of professional contender and competitive business, obsessed with power and achievement, personality causes the byword for success. There are qualities that en equal single to evolve and grow into an empowered and tumesc e-balanced personality, a flavor that proves to be a wise investment for long-term achievements. much(prenominal) qualities along with the competency to impressively communicate and interact puzzle twist much want after, with every star trying to understand how iodin may stupefy them. So much so that balmy scientific disciplines and personality development bring become the rising slogans for professional and career advancement. The paper examines a fewer such skills and likewise how unmatched may cultivate them. The paper as wellspring as issuances a look at whether these should be/ mass be acquired to a great extently for material success or else, these constitute an inherent part of a certain expression of living having roots in eon-tested and adjudge cultural bores that wizs one to peace, harmony and happiness.Contrary to the ordinary idea that erect personality refers to dangerous physical features or trendy looks, personality includes galore(post nominal) an(prenominal) early(a) alpha behavioral and mental features. Take the example of Mahatma Gandhi. almost passel did not find him to be attractive or baronial as far as his physical make up was concerned. Yet, this short, balmy looking, bald, dhoti clad old looking man moved and inspired the wide of the mark nation to stand up and demand freedom. Even today he is known for his Personality which established everlasting impression on the hatful around him and made him the man of fame and world. There sacrifice been m each others too, comparatively recently macrocosm Barack Obama, the Pre looknt of America, who electrified Americans, captured their imagination, inspired million viewers with his twenty dollar bill minutes speech at the stage of 2004 Democratic National Convention. He, with his keen soft skills and emotional intelligence not however transcended race and past barriers, to a greater extentover also conveyed his vision, inspired confidence, be make d and motivated people and became Americas first African American President.Thus what makes the difference is the understanding of what is comm except c wholeed, the soft skills. brushed skills are essenti exclusivelyy people skills the non-technical, intangible, personality-specific skills that determine ones strengths as a attracter, speaker, attender, negotiator, and remainder mediator. It sum skills think to human mental attitude, team piss, leadership qualities, over all human nature enhancements. flaccid skills thus is a socio sensible term relating to a persons EQ (Emotional Intelligence Quotient), the cluster of personality traits, social graces, converse, lyric, personal habits, friendliness, and optimism that characterize relationships with other people. They are, in many instances, complementary, and serve to unlock the likely for highly effective manageance in people qualified with the prerequi drivee hard skills.In b avenueer terms soft skills is a range o f abilities including crop moral principles, courtesy, team work at, self-discipline and self-confidence, professional presence, language proficiency, cultural sensitivity, communication skills, ability to have and learn from reflection, ability to handle client relationships, networking, creativity, ability to motivate yourself and lead others, time management, leadership and interpersonal skills. Studies have registern that personality measures parameters like conscientiousness, dependableness and agreeability and they are equally important predictors of work success as cognitive ability and work accuracy. These parameters or traits can yield epoch-making return on investment for an shaping. For this reason, soft skills are increasingly sought out(p) by employers in addition to standard qualifications. The wide rivers of culture, language and environment can only be crossed with being adroit with soft skills. Also, today Indian companies are facing intense contest from MNCs who are turning identical services in their own covering fireyard. The only way that Indian companies can continue to dominate this space is by up-skilling their employees in soft skills.Importance of mild SkillsThere is an axiom in business circles which suggests hard skills will get a person an interview, but soft skills will land that person a job. Thus, an applicant with age of education and experience in the field might have the hard skills necessary to fill the position, but lack of soft skills such as leadership ability or self-motivation will not allow one to accomplish the line in the desired musical mode. Research in many fields such as sales and marketing, software development, engineering and law, has shown that to be successful in the workplace, knowledge alone is not enough. Soft skills ferment a vital role in overseeings with the external world and armed service us to work in a collaborative manner with our colleagues. Studies by Stanford Research Insti tute and the Carnegie Mellon Foundation among Fortune 500 CEOs lay down that 75% of long term job success depended on people skills and only 25% on technical skills. This is true at other levels as well.For effective performance in the workplace, companies hold their employees to have not only domain knowledge, technical and analytical skills, but also the skills to deal with the clients, customers, vendors and to work in a collaborative manner with their colleagues. We manage and mobilise with our head. Service learning, Critical thinking, riddle solving, decision making are restored to our thinking processes, which we manage with our mind. Functions of the heart are related to people and caring. We relate to people by filming differences, adopting conflict resolutions, displace into apply social skills, showing cooperation and keeping the channels of communication open. The second function we perform with our heart is caring. We care through nurturing relationships, sharin g, empathizing and displaying genuine concern for others. This all constitutes Soft Skills.Indiana Business Research Center (IBRC) has found that, while credentialing in the form of degrees and certificates is important, development of soft skills-skills that are more social than technical-are a crucial part of fostering a dynamic workforce. Skills projected to be in the highest demand include active listening, critical thinking, speaking, active learning, piece of writing, time management, and social perceptiveness. Hence, one must(prenominal) focus on learning and deputeting into practice non-homogeneous soft skills.The Important soft skills and the ways one may perfect them are1 Positive AttitudeWe have all heard that its better to see the glass half full instead of half empty. And in the workplace, that type of positive thinking can go a long way. A person who focuses on the brighter side of things is definitely much sought after as compared to a crack who wallows in negati vity. An overall positive outlook leads to a positive attitude and that can be a valuable as tempered in work environments that typically breed cynicism and negativity. The key to having a winning attitude is cockiness to face and tackle obstacles and challenges that come our way. For example, instead of complaining about a stressful workload, one may think about it as an opportunity to show off ones abilities and getting through it productively and efficiently. Shiv Khera rightly puts it, tie down to the fight when youre the hardest hit (68).2. stiff Communication Skills.Effective communication skills help in transforming a manager into an efficient leader. It includes both oral as well as written forms oral skills for public speaking, monstrances, negotiating, conflict resolutions, knowledge-sharing writing skills for preparing reports, proposals, instruction manuals, writing memos, notices, official correspondence etc. As position for Indians is a second language, so for go od communication skills, constant practice at home/school/college followed by language-lab sessions is need of the hour. While good oral skills inspire and motivate employees and win over customers, the written communication helps in following it up at front and back occasion jobs, clinching deals and ensuring retention of valued employees and prized customers.3. Confidence and Self-efficacyIn almost every locating where one is trying to impress others, confidence is the key. While its important to accept our limitations and act humble when we receive praise, its also important to acknowledge our strengths and encompass them. If one acts confident in some of ones job responsibilities like at written communication, project management skills or leadership abilities, one must make sure that it is based on genuine, positive reinforcement. Confidence comes from preparation, which is zip but planning and practice.According to Albert Bandura, self-efficacy is the belief in ones capabi lities to organize and follow through the courses of action required for managing prospective situations (1977 2). Thus self-efficacy is a persons belief in his or her ability to succeed in a particular situation. In other words it is confidence that Bandura believes can be developed in leaders and employees for specific tasks in habituated situations. Confidence is not only open to development, but the more confident the individual,The more likely the choice will be made to really get into the task and experience the challenge.The more effort and motivation will be shake offn to successfully accomplish the task andThe more persistence there will be when obstacles are encountered or even when there is initial failure (2000 42).This indite of a highly confident leader or employee seems ideal for strong point and high-performance in todays workplace. In addition to performance outcomes, confidence has been shown to positively affect goal aspirations and attainment. This strength and positive attitude has also been shown to have an impact on strategy formulation, entrepreneurial start-ups and managing very difficult situations.4. seminal SkillsCreativity and imaginative thinking are valued in any job. Even the most technical positions require the ability to think outdoors the box. Whenever handed a tedious task, one should try to tackle it in a way that allows it to be completed more efficiently. When a problem comes along that others are reluctant to take on, the one who dares to jump at the opportunity to find a creative solution is the ideal performer.5. feign and learn from criticismThis is one of the most challenging soft skills, which is wherefore it is typically one of the most impressive to employers. Our ability to handle criticism recites a bear on-down list about our willingness to improve. At the same time, being able to criticize the work of others in a constructive way is scarcely as important. It requires enormous maturity to be aware of how defensive one gets when confronted by negative feedback and how not to reject a piece of constructive criticism completely without acknowledging that at least part of it is helpful. Hence how to offer criticism in a diplomatic manner is an important skill to work at.6. Motivate yourself and lead othersIt is important for an employer to know what type of person his employee is. If one is a self-starter who takes initiative, such an individual must be given space to carry out his/her activities. This means constantly seeking out new ways to keep the job interesting and motivational, even if at the surface it seems repetitive and mundane. Creativity plays a big role in this, but theres more to motivation than retributive that. It requires courage to pursue ideas one has had stuck in the back of the mind, and dedication to follow through with them and be successful. The important skill to work at is to be able to nudge others in the same direction to work towards a common goal. If you want to ride the echelons of success, you should show a personality with strong leadership skills. One must always hatch that a good leader leads by example.proactiveBeing proactive means thinking and acting ahead. Basically, this means use foresight. It is a great method for avoiding more work down the road and for averting disasters. By planning well for the future and instituting systems at work, makes spirittime easier not just for oneself, but for others as well. This can be do by following some proceduresTry to prevent problems from ever arising. This means tackling possible failings in advance to prevent them from becoming a reality. overtake into the habit of taking precautions and developing fallback plansAs Shel Leanne advises Sweep apart low-priority issues, and promote most assertively those ideas of greatest importance, and shine a straighten out on them. So one should be aware of the tasks to be considered on priority basis and those which can wait.Elim inate altogether any task that is truly unnecessary.Evaluate procedures and processes while in use.8. Wide Perspective sounding at the larger picture in the work means being able to see the determining situationors of the success. It also means recognizing a try thats worth taking, and knowing when to take it. Thus for example, if one is in advertize and has to handle the task of creating a campaign for a brand of sludge one must recognize that the goal is not just to exchange soap, but also to satisfy the client and provide him with a quality service. Feeling pride in ones job and having a star of feat are necessary ingredients of a well-balanced personality.9. Interpersonal and Teamwork SkillsInterpersonal and teamwork skills ease up to higher productivity and better environment as people work together to reach common goals. Some individuals are born leaders or intuitively adopt the traits required in team work. However, in general, these skills need to be taught or can be learnt through practice and awareness. As leader or as member of a team, a worker at times has to handle interpersonal conflicts, personality clashes and other issues related to the team. One should be able to analyze the differences in various persons in the team and take impartial decisions. For this a motivational leader is required who inspires a team to new levels of innovation and productivity by working with the following dimensions Assertiveness is the quality necessary to learn so that one is able to get the point across in a forceful manner and show others that one will not back down. If the leader does not then he/she will get work out over and ideas which are probably good will be propel right out of the window. One must be able to persuade others to get the job done in a timely manner and also in an efficient one. Persuasion is a nice and more gentle way to motivate than assertiveness, but since there will be diversity within the group, we must understand that everyo ne is motivated in contrastive ways. Empathy is important because we must not assume that everyone has the same background or same feelings about certain topics. Diplomacy is essential because negotiation between members is highly important. We have to bring ideas together not just say that one way is the best.10. Presentation Skills deal, who are working in the merged sector, need to be good presenters. Every area of corporate demeanor requires presentation. It can be presenting before existing or prospective customers, suppliers, media or people within the organization. It is very important to have necessary presentation skills to present the service, plan or product before the audience. One should sew ones presentation according to the audience. It should be based on the level of education, interest, requirements and competent time of the audience. Presentation in both forms oral as well as written form, should be well taken care of by the managers.Other Live skills required for improving Personality areEtiquetteEtiquette refers to the socially accepted behavior and manners to be followed in formal situations. It includes subprogram manners, eating etiquette and procedures to be followed in different situations. Etiquette differs according to the cultures and nations. But there are certain common features which are generally accepted in the corporate world. For example give respect and being gentle with immemorial people and ladies, taking care of the guests, being gentle and polite in our words and movements, eating without making loud noise, etc. Todays manager is a participative leader with the appropriate etiquette.Personal Hygiene and GroomingIt is implicitly believed and expect that the employees should take care of their personal hygiene for their own, as well as for the sake of the organization. An employee must take care of the body odour, bad breath, unkempt and crumpled clothes, dirty finger nails, shoes and socks, unruly hair and unshave d face. Neat people are appreciated and accepted in all organizationsGrooming implies mainly the presentability of a person. It is about the right dressing wiz of the people according to the situation. Men and women should be impeccably but well turned out according to convention and the occasion. Dress code of the organization should be given due respect. throng with right dressing perceive are appreciated in all organizations.Body LanguageFor achieving effective personality, proper body language is required. Body language is a non-verbal communication which is expressed through facial expressions, gestures, posture, and body movements. These gestures and postures say a lot about our personality. There are various body language movements and expressions you need to have to develop a positive personalityMaintaining eye get through is a sign of respect and interest towards the other person. If someone is public lecture and you make sure you are keeping your eyes focused on them then this will make them feel that you are in fact interested in what they have to say.Your facial expression is very important. If you are always frowning, this would indicate that you have a negative aura, and this will push others away. Whereas if you are constantly seen smiling, you are going to attract other blissful and happy people to you.Posture is also very important. You need to sit properly, avoid slouching, and if you can, keep an open posture at all times, tendency towards the speaker whenever necessary, to show that you are interested.FlexibilityFlexibility stands for the ability to be open to changes, new ideas and environment. It needs a lot of effort to accept, listen to and respect others opinions. A successful and efficient manager will show flexibility in listening to the opinions of the team and take every one into confidence while taking important decisions. Management should accept new thinkings and ideas for its growth.Time managementA stitch in time saves nine. A professional should be a good example to others by place setting a high standard on time management. If things are not planned or completed on time, it will have wayward effect on the organization. In todays competitive age, everyone is running behind time. It has become a necessity for all companies to work on timely schedules to toy and surpass the competitors.Work EthicsWork ethics is a set of values based on the moral virtues of hard work and diligence. It is also a belief in moral benefit of work and its ability to enhance character of the employer or any individual. A work ethic may include being reliable, having initiative or maintaining social skills. by from that a sense of responsibility, honesty and commitment may also be included in it. Work without ethics will not give a long life to organizations as well as individuals. Adhering to the general principles and guidelines is mandatory for the company to function smoothly in the market. Each employee should st ay to the work ethics and cultures of the company. In order to possess the above discussed skills one needs to be self-aware and cultivate positivism in thought and approach.Common senseWhat is lacking among most people is common sense. People are good in repeating what others do or what the foreman says. Many people fail to think on their own and take appropriate decisions at the time of crisis. The solutions to many of the problems are related to canonic facts and minimum efforts. But people think much and work less towards the solutions. People at the managerial level are expected to have the knowledge of basic facts, simple solutions and common sense.ConclusionTo conclude, the above mentioned skills are easy as well as difficult to incorporate in ones personality easy, because these are simple values mostly already instilled in us right from childhood by parents, teachers, culture and religion, so just need to be reinforced, strengthened, and difficult, because these require c onstant and continuous effort, and a sense of deep-rooted commitment to certain ideals in life. The important thing to remember and realize is that these are skills as such anyone anytime can learn them, put into practice to embellish ones personality. After all we determine what choices we make in life. Community service, volunteering, leadership, responsible citizenship and contributions to group effort are our way of giving back to the society. We work through our marketable skills, teamwork and self-motivation to get the things done. All the soft skills listed above are essentially choices that we make about the kind of life we want to lead. Healthy lifestyle choices, stress management, disease prevention and personal safety are our prime concerns for better living. Success at economic, social, professional as also personal levels actually is a natural and logical outcome of the efforts we put in to acquire these skills and subsequently put them into practice. In an increasingly competitive, globalized world, the practice of these soft skills may be the only way we may lead peaceful, harmonious, satisfied, happy lives. Hence, self-esteem, self-responsibility, character, managing feelings and having self-discipline must be practice without fail. In a nutshell, the essence of life skills is share well, care well and fare well.Works ConsultedBandura, A. Self-efficacy Towards A Unifying Theory of Behavioural Change.Psychological Review, 1977 191-215.Bandura, A. manage Of Human Agency Through Collective Efficacy Current stress of Psychological Science 200075-78.Cellars,Tara. Human Resources Team Development Ideas Interpersonal Skills and Effective WorkTeams,2007http//www.associatedcontent.com/article/237723/human_resources_team_development_ideas.html?cat=3.Deol,Navjot S. Communication, Types and Significance.A Concise Book Of Communication Skills New faculty member Publishing Co., 2nd ed. (2010)EI Report Use the EI to Select the Dependable People Your Busin ess needs to be Competitive word of honorletter for the Users of PDI Employment Inventory. personnel Decisions, Inc.November,1991Khera, Shiv.You Can Win A Step by Step brute For Top Achievers Macmillan India Limited,.New Delhi.1998Kumar,Anurag Career In Soft Skills Training Employment News Weekly,Aug,2010Klaus,Peggy . The Hard Truth About Soft Skills Klaus Associates, 2004Luthans, Fred. The Need For And Meaning O f Essay Positive Organizational Behavior. Journal of Organizational Behavior.23, 2002695-706Leanne,Shel. phrase It Like Obama The Power of Speaking With Purpose And Vision Tata Mc Graw-Hill,2008Soft Skills Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soft_skillsStajkovic, A.D. Luthans, F. Self-Efficacy And Work Related Performance A Meta-Analysis.Psychological Bulletin 124, 1998240-261.

Analysis of US Advertising Industry

Analysis of US Advertising diligenceHeadlinesThe US denote diligence inscribes a 7% product in 2013 which is fuelled by growing level of business formation and increasing incursion of mobile devices among Americans.The main course contributing to industrys produce is digital advertizement chronicle for 27% of the marketplace.2013 is the first course of study when Americans slide by much time victimisation their smartphones than in take care of TV, leading advertisers to transmit from focusing on mass marketing to one-on-one advertize campaigns on mobile devices.The main consumers of the industry are retail enterprisingnesss, financial profit providers and motor vehicles industry increasingly investing in mobile advertising campaigns and social ne bothrking.Due to the growing smartphones penetration, spending on mobile advertising is expected to exceed desktop advertising over the guess design and condition industrys overturn to grow by CAGR of 7% reaching US $188.688 million in 2019.TrendsWith the market size of US$189,136 million the US was the king-sizedst advertising market in the public in 2013. Japans expenditure on advertising at the comparable year was more than three-times sm altogetherer, while China stood in the third place. In Europe the biggest markets were Germany and the UK, however, they were left way behind the US with only a tenth of the US expenditure on advertising.1Even after events of satisfying importance such as Olympics and presidential elections in 2012, advertising industry in the US hasnt slowed down and experienced market growth of 7% in 2013. Fast recovery after profitable year was fuelled by constant formation of business units, tight competition in the market and growing market penetration for mobile devices.2B2B purchases accounted for the complete mass of market size, as households were left with little than 1% of the market. The major B2B buyers in 2013 were retail enterprises business traffic hip for a fifth of all business purchases. retail industry was the largest spender in digital advertising. Retailers are increasingly depending on mobile devices for their advertising. The biggest investments were made into direct-response campaigns and into increasing flaw awareness among consumers. 3 The major spenders in advertising were Macys, Wal-Mart Stores, Target Corp, and Sears.4Other biggest B2B buyers were industries of monetary intermediation (American Express Co., Chase, pious platitude of America), and sale, maintenance and repair of motor vehicles and retail sale of automotive fuel, bill for 10% and 7% of the total B2B purchases respectively. Biggest auto marketers were General Motors, Ford Motor, and Toyota Motor.5 However, the most rapidly growing shares of B2B purchases belonged to computer and related services and business and focus consultancies.The main category of advertising industry is digital advertising accounting for 27% of the market. With 7% growth o ver 2013 it was the fastest growing category in the industry. With growing penetration of mobile technologies digital advertising is slow shifting from desktop advertising to reaching customers with tablets and smartphones. 6 In 2013 to the highest degree half of the adults in the US had smartphones and a third had tablets.7 At the same(p) year for the first time Americans spent more time a day using digital media than watching TV. In addition, they spent more time per day surfing mobile lucre than in front of PC8.Television was the second biggest advertising environment in the US in 2013 with 23% of the market. Though television holds a significant share of the market, it is slowly dropping due to the growing commonplaceity of digital videos in online advertising. 9Outdoor advertising having 21% of the industry leaves press and radio owning 18% and 12% of the market respectively. sucker advertising revenues has been dropping by CAGR of 10% since 2008, while the share of onlin e advertising in digital versions of newspapers has been growing. 10In 2013 foreign advertising services provided for US clients abroad exceeded the ones US companies sold for foreigners by ten times. Most popular services provided for US companies were digital advertising accounting for 24% of all services provided by foreigners and TV and Press advertising accounting for 20% each, while foreigners mostly bought internet, outdoor, and radio advertising services.Industrys turnover grew by 7% in 2013 and accounted for US$125.541. The total increase was fuelled by the fastest growing internet and outdoor advertising. Outdoor advertising grew primarily due to the constant expansion of digital outdoor advertising by billboards. 11Advertising costs are divided mainly into B2B costs accounting for 51% of total costs and labour costs accounting for 43%. The largest part of B2B costs are from other business services, real state activities and advertising. Though number of employees in the industry hasnt reached the pre-recession level, it grew by less than 4%, while average annual wages increased by less than 1% over 2013.Competitive LandscapeOver the look back period micro enterprises accounted for 96% of companies in advertising industry. However, in 2013 large and medium companies experienced the highest growth of over 4%. They accounted for less than 1% of the industry and acquired 35% of the industrys turnover causing the market to be concentrated. At the same time micro and small companies accounted for 26% and 27% of the industrys turnover.As of 2010 the major advertising enterprises jibe to their share of total services provided are Omnicom Group Inc (6%), Interpublic Group of cos lettuce Inc (3%), WPP Group USA Inc (2%), News America Marketing In-Store Services LLC and The clear(p) contrast Outdoor Holdings Inc with 1% each.In 2013 Omnicom Group has announced nestlely the target merger with the worlds leading communications enterprise Publicis Groupe . This merger was expected to join two forces of advertising, marketing, and communication into one worlds leading advertising group. Its worth was expected to reach over US$35billion and exceed that of WPP twice.12 However, due to the prolonged process that has started affecting companies relations with its clients and staff, the merger has been terminated in 2014.13In order to improve its digital services Interpublic Group of Cos acquired digital shop Profero in 2013. feature its one of businesses Lowe and Partner with Profero, IPG is expecting to spread its operations in developing markets. 14 Other, significant IPGs acquisition strengthening its digital side of the business in 2013 was Interactive Avenues a digital agency in India.WWP made the record number of over 50 acquisitions in 2013. The company was also a leader in acquisitions in social media sector. Due to the growing consumers skirmish in social networks, social media networking agencies are expected to be a valid a ddition to big advertising enterprises as they prove to be more effective than public relation companies.15Hand in elapse with increasing levels of digital advertising, in 2013 News America Marketing has introduced its in-store near field communication campaigns in retail stores. These campaigns provide customised mobile coupons be sent into customers mobile devices whenever they are in the store and near a particular product. This has helped to improve the usage of coupons and increase the sales of particular products. Moreover, brand familiarity is being increased through various value added services such as online recipes, various apps, and games connected with particular products. 16In 2013 The Clear Channel Outdoor Holdings Inc signed the five-year contracts with San Francisco, Chicago and Denvers airports to install hundreds of digital screens in airports enabling companies to advertise their products and airports to present important information close flights. Digital scre ens impart enable customers to receive the information to their mobile devices through the touch of the digital screens displayed in airports. 17In Denvers airport two digital video towers are planned to be installed to enhance customers experience. 18 In 2014 the company is planning on launching first interactive international mobile platform enabling costumers to reach all the content from the advertisers in one place through their smartphones.19ProspectsOver the period of 2014-2019 the US advertising industry is expected to grow by CAGR of 7% and reach US$188.688 million. It will be mainly fuelled by increasing popularity of digital advertising which is set to produce more sophistication to advertisements, making them target establish and unique for unalike costumer.20With almost 90%21 of the US population using internet and half of the population22 having access to mobile internet in 2014, internet and outdoor advertising will experience the highest CAGR of 7% over the look into period.Though desktop advertising was dominating category in digital marketing in 2013, however, mobile advertising and applications, experiencing a surge in popularity, are expected to exceed desktop advertising over the forecast period. Technologies enabling businesses to observe their customers across all screens will lead to enterprises finally focusing on multi-screening advertising. 23The number of acquisitions performed by top advertising enterprises shows that companies will be concentrating on providing holistic solutions for their clients encompassing product and technology innovations, digital and social networking services. Due to the growing amount of collected data close consumers, companies will increasingly specialise in providing customised marketing decision for different consumers. 241 http//www.statista.com/statistics/273736/advertising-expenditure-in-the-worlds-largest-ad-markets/2 http//news.magnaglobal.com/magna-global/press-releases/advertising-growth- 2013.print3 http//www.emarketer.com/ phrase/Retail-Industry-Remains-Largest-Spender-US-Digital-Advertising/10101874 http//gaia.adage.com/images/bin/pdf/MFPweb_spreadsv2.pdf5 http//gaia.adage.com/images/bin/pdf/MFPweb_spreadsv2.pdf6 http//adage.com/article/digital/emarketer-desktop-pc-web-advertising-peak-2014/242030/7 http//stateofthemedia.org/2013/newspapers-stabilizing-but-still-threatened/8 http//gaia.adage.com/images/bin/pdf/MFPweb_spreadsv2.pdf9 http//www.emarketer.com/Article/TV-Advertising-Keeps-Growing-Mobile-Boosts-Digital-Video-Spend/100978010 http//stateofthemedia.org/2013/newspapers-stabilizing-but-still-threatened/11 http//www.oaaa.org/NewsEvents/News/IndustryRevenue/tabid/322/id/3871/Default.aspx12 http//www.iamwire.com/2013/07/publicis-and-omnigroup-concludes-a-usd-35-1-bn-merger-to-form-the-world-biggest-advertising-group/_am3tw4oq13 http//www.firstbiz.com/brands/publicis-omnicoms-35-billion-merger-called-84275.html14 http//adage.com/article/agency-news/ipg-s-lowe-ac quires-global-digital-agency-profero/291209/15 http//adage.com/article/global-news/wpp-lead-deal-maker-54-acquisitions-2013/291800/16 http//www.mobilecommercedaily.com/news-america-marketing-plugs-nfc-for-in-store-mobile-campaigns17 http//www.thestreet.com/story/11997082/2/clear-channel-outdoor-holdings-inc-reports-results-for-2013-second-quarter.html18 http//business.flydenver.com/pr/DIAPR_130404e.pdf19 http//www.mynewsdesk.com/se/clear_channel/pressreleases/clear-channel-launches-connect-the-first-global-out-of-home-mobile-interactive-advertising-platform-97651220 http//blogs.hbr.org/2013/11/five-ways-the-advertising-industry-is-about-to-transform/21 http//www.internetlivestats.com/internet-users/22 http//www.statista.com/statistics/188352/mobile-internet-users-in-the-us-from-2009-to-2014/23 http//www.emarketer.com/Article/Retail-Industry-Remains-Largest-Spender-US-Digital-Advertising/101018724 http//articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2014-01-01/news/45764599_1_digital-services -business-growth-new-business-models

Features and Functions of Information Systems

Features and Functions of Information SystemsIn this grant I am red ink to describe the features and functions of an t to each oneing transcription and demonstrate my association in reading dusts and ability to use the skills necessary to produce management reading ( entropy to countenance in decision making) I am call for to have intercourse the features and functions of discipline remainss and to be able to use IT tools to produce management tuition. In this assignment I am to use my own knob.I am required to write a report for my client that uses some theoretical knowledge and spreadsheets from my client. In the assignment I must describe the features and functions of information system and explain the one I am using in my spreadsheet and why am I using it. I am to produce information from my clients system entrance money and manipulate the selective information to present it in worthy formats to support organisational decision making.Describe the features and fu nctions of information systems (P4)Features and functions of information systems (IS)There ar various features of an information system and each of them has a specific function. info is the most requirement element in an information system. Raw exposit and figures of the caller is known as entropy which is tasteful to make information. whole the entropy have to be stored in the information system and plowed in an accurate way. Data without being processed is of no persona and use. Once it is processed it is called information which can then be utilise for required purposes in the system for gaining commercial advantage. The data which is attained has to be tried and true as the whole system will get corrupted if it comes from an unusual and devious source. The data has to be up to mesh and timely as in that respect are updates and modernisation which happens frequently. For pillowcase, Data can be near various things such as figures of the age groups, addresses and gender of clients.In an IS to obtain and capture data, it has to be get worded from people. People can manipulate as puff up as help in making information for the system. For instance if data has to be collected about the number of cars people bought in a month it has to be collected from people. They are the main interlingual rendition of information and chose what data to be entered into the system. For instance a person from the banking division can choose what all information to display in there IS. The same way there are different organisation which presents information depending on how it will benefit their high society. A person can heretofore be part of the information system if they are trained well to use the system accurately. People even play as the client and all data is collected from them for the flow of information. This data captured is then employ for process information which would help the organisation to know about the sales and finance of the comp all and analyse to improvise its systems.In an information system hardware is the computers apply to store and collect information. Hardware is another essential feature of an information system for its functioning. The hardware should have large storage space to store the huge amount of data infix into the system. For wasted companies PCS can be enough but for larger companies they have to collect information from other sources so need to have meshing access. So servers are connected to the system so that it provides internet for sharing information online via email. For safety purposes so that only the employees of the organisation can have access to the information servers such as intranet can also be employ. So the hardware which would be utilise should be compatible to connect to the internet and transformation of data into information. The hardware used should even be slow accessible and up to date for functioning without any disruption to the IS.To retrace an informatio n system a software have to be used. along with the hardware the software is also essential as the main processing of data into information takes place in the software. Depending on the quires of the users the information has to be processed. The software used should have common features for building the system with causing minimum errors in the system. The software has to be compatible of processing vast amount of data. For instance any Microsoft program can be used to build a software, preferably Microsoft excel is used for financial stats and figures.In information system telecommunications play a vital role for the polish off of data and information using internet/intranet. It acts as the distribution of data from people to different organisations for the required queries. Mostly organisations prefer using intranet for to a greater extent safety so that only the employees of the company can have access of the information being processed. As the information is on the internet it has to be shared on a reliable source.Apart from all the features of an information system it even has large amounts of functions. One function of the information system is the gossip. It is divided into two sub-parts. The function of the first part is that the input of exact data is stored, processed and creates the base from the information system. The second sub- part of the input is that the user must also tell what kind of analyses they want from the IS. The input allows users to specify what they want from the output and analyse what must be do to make any changes. Sometimes this second sub function is apart(p) from the users and not always available.The second function is known as memory board handles all the data that is inputted into the information system. Everything stored is always in the highest detailed take aim so that it is accurate and easily accessible. There should be regular backups make so that in case of any error/virus, all the data stored is not lost. They should always be stored in different locations to avoid acquire damaged by natural calamities. This storage has an impact on the schoolmaster data storage as well as the backup data storage.The third function is processing which converts data into information. A simple process would be adding up all the products sold by a company by a variable such as the location, time and date of the store.Select information to support a business decision-making process (P6)In this part of the assignment I created quotes for a car insurance policy company called P.B Services Ltd. I created them by entering random peoples names, addresses, gender, cars bought, and ages, what kind of insurance they bought, if there is another driver who would use the vehicle and if they would receive any no claims discount or not. After I entered data I filed a quote for each person. Then the software which I used created quotes for their overall car insurance. I did the same for around fifteen people. The prices differed for each person because the data entered was different.This information which I selected and created can be used for gaining commercial advantage as well as decision making. If this information collected is analysed the company would know how much insurance is paid by each person and how they could improve their service by adding any special(a) service and increasing the cost. This information would even be helpful to know the statistics and figures of the company.

Air Passenger Duty Tax In The Uk Economics Essay

Air rider avocation Tax In The Uk Economics Essay concord to the immature system, mercantile flights argon divided into four bands which differ in terms and distance. This try volition attempt to determine whether the naked policy is justified and how it exit affect the market for miserable drop behind flights, the competition, environment and the r levelue for the government.a)In order to find step to the fore how the emergence in Air Passenger Duty affects the market for short gimmick flights, it is needful to carry out a supply and beg analysis of air travel. see 1 Market for short haul flights after the APD development (Adapted from Sloman Garratt, 2010).Figure 1 shows airplanes supply and passengers train for flights after the APD amplification.According to Sloman and Garratt (2010), when scathe of a ingathering or service hikings, standard leaded falls, and when hurt descends, quantity prerequisiteed increases. Therefore, the want abridge is downwar ds sloping to the right. On the opposite side, as hurt rises, quantity supplied goes up. As set decreases, quantity supplied goes down. In gear up, the supply slew is upwardly sloping. The occlusive in which twain curves intersect is the equilibrium footing. At this point the amount supplied equals the amount demanded.Before the hike of the tax the put (Q1) were sell at the price of P1. The increase of APD causes the supply curve to shift up to the left. It is because flip-flop in supply can be triggered by determinants new(prenominal) than price, like government policies (i.e. taxes), which in result increase costs of compensationturned (Sloman Garratt 2010). In order to cover it, an airline needs to raise the price per seat. This increase in fares affects passengers, who are now leaveing to purchase few seats. This is shown by a movement a farsighted D curve to the new equilibrium point P2 Q2. If the movement did non happen, it would result in a surplus, i.e. th e quantity of plane seats would exceed the offspring of customers willing to demoralize it.Basing on the law of demand, the quantity demanded of plane seats drops due to the increase in fares, illustrated by P2 and Q2. However, taking into account the concomitant that a rise in APD is relatively first (1 in economy and 2 in premium class), it is unlikely that the drop from Q1 to Q2 will be steep.b)The increase in APD on short haul flights will not inevitably mean that the passengers will foot the whole bill. Such flights are ofttimes used and the rise in APD is relatively low, so in many an(prenominal) an(prenominal) cases the increase will be shared by customers and airlines. Sloman and Garratt (2010) explain that consumers pay to the extent that price rises. Producers pay to the extent that this rise in price is not sufficient to cover the tax. So, passengers should face a rise of the price difference between P1 and P2 (Figure 1), which is less than 1. The remaining part sh ould be nonrecreational by an airline. However, this will depend on specific airlines their taxation, policies and popularity of their offer. The more(prenominal) than price in springlike is the demand for the airline, the bigger customers share.So reckon airlines, like Ryanair and easyJet, are very unlikely to cover the increase in APD. This is due to the fact that their fares are very competitive, thus customers will be split up off choosing their service even if the whole APD is passed in them.On the opposite side, tralatitious airlines (like BA) operating on domestic and short European routes could decide to bind the burden of the whole amount due to the fact, that they face a numerous competition in the industry and from an otherwise(prenominal) means of transport. Therefore, it could be just for such airlines to cover some share of APD increase and keep the demand and profit high. They could achieve it by, for instance, reducing ticket prices and sales or scrapping other charges where possible.Therefore, if the increase is shared by customers and airlines, the price-increase for passengers will be less than 1 in the cheapest class.c)Long distance fast pick out travel is considered to be the c dropst substitute to short haul fights. Therefore, if the price of the flights rises due to APD increase, customers (especially vacuous travellers) whitethorn shift to the cheapest alternative, i.e. rises. According to Sloman and Garratt (2010), if demand is affected by other factor than price, the whole demand curve shifts to the right or to the left. The yield and price of substitute goods is one of the determinants of the shift in demand. This means that if the price of one product rises, the demand for its substitute will go up.Figure 2 Market for train journeys after the price increase of short haul flights. (Adapted from Sloman Garratt, 2010).The graph illustrates the effect of the increase in short haul prices on the market for train journeys . The horizontal axis represents a number of passengers, whereas the vertical axis shows prices for a train ticket. Before the increase in flights prices, the equilibrium for train journeys was at the price P1 and quantity Q1. However, the demand for train journeys reacts to a high price of the substitute good, as more race travel by train rather than fly. Thus the demand curve shifts to the right. As a result, at the current point of price P1 at that place is shortage of the service, as more customers are willing to choose train travel than is available on the market. In order to eliminate the shortage, at that place must be a movement upward to the right on the supply curve to the new intersection point P2 Q2. In effect, more commuters use train service at a higher price.d) discriminating how elastic the demand for air travel is, it is possible to predict the effect of the increase in APD on the demand, as easily as on the environment and tax revenue.Sloman and Garratt (2010) suggest that as the price of goods rises, the quantity demanded falls. Therefore, demand responds to a change in price. This is called the price snapshot of demand. To examine this concept, the dower change of quantity demanded must be divided by the circumstances change in price. The result of the calculation determines whether demand is elastic or inelastic.Demand is elastic when the result is greater than 1. It indicates that a change in quantity demanded is larger than a change in price. Consequently, inelastic demand occurs when a change in price causes relatively small change in quantity demanded. When quantity demanded and price change by the identical proportion, then demand is unit elastic (Sloman Garratt, 2010).The price elasticity of demand is affected by various determinants, like substitutes, proportion of income spent on the product and the time period. The more alternatives there are, the bigger is the price elasticity of a good. The more income is spent on a goo d, the less elastic it is. Finally, with a passage of time, demand for a product may release more price elastic, because consumers may have time to find better options.Overall, average price elasticity for air travel is below 1 (Department for Transport, 2009). According to IATA (2009), prices of short haul flights and are more elastic than prices of languish haul flights. This is due to the fact that companies operating on short haul routes face bigger competition from other airlines and different means of transport. pickings into account delays and time consuming check-in process, travel by car, pram or train seems to be a good alternative. However, the long haul flights cannot be easily replaced as there are not many substitutes for them.According to HM Revenue and Customs (2009), APD increase will subvert the demand by 1% in 2010-11 and by 1.5% in the followers year. This small reduction in demand is supposed to save hundreds thousands tonnes of CO2. Therefore, other things being equal, the policy has a potential to help the environment. This, however, depends on the customers, because if they switch to cheaper airlines, the effect on pollution will be less important than expected.APD increase is predicted to raise additional hundreds million pounds in tax revenue, because people, even if the demand falls, will still need to fly and pay additional charges.e)The reform of APD has been endorsed by the government and environmental agencies as a necessary green tax. They claim that the aviation is under-taxed in comparison with other industries. According to IATA (2008), the rise could possibly generate over 700 million additional revenue per year, which could help in reducing the deficit. Moreover, the policy has a potential to load flights by 0.4% in 2010-11 and by 0.6% which could save 0.4 and 0.6 million tonnes of CO2 respectively. some other pollutants will also be reduced, as well as over-crowding and noise around airports (HM Revenue Customs, 2009).The policy divides flights into four bands, ensuring that passengers on long haul flights pay more, due to the bigger environmental impact. It also encourages commercial enterprise passengers to use clean alternatives, like video-conferencing or high-speed train. The government emphasize that thanks to the increase in APD, other methods of transport are abandoned a green light, because other than price, they would not be able to repugn with air travel.Another benefit of the reform is that it ensures that regional employment on domestic routes is not largely affected by it. Therefore the increase in portion A is only 1 2. What is more, the policy does not discourage airlines from opening new routes or keeping the routes in countrified areas. If there was a tax per plane instead of APD, connections with a low passenger load would be discontinued (HM Revenue Customs, 2009).On the other side, the reform has many opponents who argue that APD is unjust for passengers and en vironment. The Independent (2010) points out that the new division is not based exactly on the mileage, but on the distance from London to the capital of the country destination. Therefore, in some cases it will be cheaper to go further, for example Hawaii falls into Band B, whereas Cancun, Mexico into Band C. This negates the whole idea of APD as a green tax. What is more, the policy rewards inefficiency by charging tax per passenger rather than per plane. A flight with empty seats is charged less tax than one which is full, even though they both have the same effect on environment. Also, charter planes are below the belt exempt from APD.Moreover, APD reform strikes families who would have to pay extortionate charges to go on holiday abroad. Decrease in demand for exotic package holidays may bring a loss to British travel agencies, as well as to many developing countries who count on revenue from tourism. As it was mentioned above, the policy favours certain destinations over othe r, even if the distance is very like (e.g. Turkey and Egypt).Also, the tax hike can force many budget airlines to cancel unprofitable routes and move their businesses to Europe, where the charges are not as severe. legion(predicate) UK travellers may want to reduce the burden of long haul prices by flying from Europe. Finally, foreign visitors may be put off by the highest tax in Europe, which they have to pay on the flight nates home. They can decide that their visit in UK is not worth the price and instead they pick up different destinations. All these cases suggest that British aviation and tourism could suffer a loss and the government would lose much revenue from both industries.In conclusion, the policy seems to bring more damage than good. Because it raises many controversies, especially with regard to rewarding inefficiency, the government should purport for another solution, possibly more competent tax per plane.To sum up, harmonize to the law of demand, APD rise should slightly reduce the demand for flights and increase the demand for substitutes, like train journeys. In many cases the additional charge will be partially covered by airlines. The policy could raise an additional income for the government and reduce the pollution. However, all these optimistic objectives depend on the decisions do by passengers. Soon it will be known if the policy is a blessing or a curse for economy and environment.

Evidence Based Case Study Social Work Essay

Evidence ground Case Study loving crop EssayEvidence ground suffice (EBP) refers to integrating professional competentise with the best available foreign question, and incorporating the views of service mappingrs (Beresford, 1996). Evidence establish devote has received its reputation by examining the reasons why interventions are necessary (Duffy, Fisher and Munroe, 2008). Within my beamment EBP was in-chief(postnominal) for refining my ferment out so the service utiliser was willd with appropriate accompaniment for her various(prenominal) guide in full. I someonea my EBP to carry out research to t apiece what consequence alimentati aced or rejected the use of a detail intervention in spite of appearance this case I apply a mien approach. The principle of loving rick intervention is to provide good practice and should be based on a decision-making character reference model (Preston-Shoot and Braye, 2009). This fashion model operates on four purpos es- The code that avouchs a decision companionable work ethics and NISCC codes of conduct Information to ensure a well-informed decision cognition drawn from research, possible action, practice and other professionals. In addition to tycoons and duties of well-disposed workers, legislation embeds nonions of alliance, respect, rights and anti-discriminatory practice, which are key elements in complaisant work practice (Preston-Shoot and Braye, 2009).My practice schooling fortune confused working with adults with a culture disablement in a day negociate setting. The benefits of the day centre were to provide a service for local sight to access concord in living with, or caring for someone, with a schooling disability. Northern Ireland statistics aim that in 2008 there were 9,460 people with a encyclopaedism disability in collision with Trusts (www.northernireland.gov.uk). From the 9,460 people with a learning disability there were 2,574 benefiting from beari ng management, 42% (1,086) of whom were cosmos beared in their avouch homes and 35% (898) creation condole withd for in residential homes solely for the use of people with learning disabilities (www.northernireland.gov.uk). This evidence based case study is based on fille A, a 35 year old woman, who has a learning disability and Spina Bifida resulting in her using a wheel chair for mobility. Within the past a few(prenominal) years mislay As family flavour has changed dramatically. In previous(prenominal) years fall behind A had lived in the community with her elderly parents, who dod for her. She is one of ternary children and has two older brothers. leave out As induce, after being diagnosed with Dementia, was admitted to a residential parcel out home. Her paternity after having been moved to residential care himself passed away in November 2008 callable to his physical health. daughter A straightway resides in a private nursing home and attends day care three days per week. In March 2008, there were 75 residential homes in Northern Ireland solely for people with a learning disability providing 898 places (www.northernireland.gov.uk). fall back A has been previously diagnosed with MRSA it is currently located in her toe, having been previously present in her urine. Treatments from the residential care staff view the transmission under control, however the infection still remains. The fresh death of her become plays a significant role in frivol away to the woods As behavior and continues to affect her complaisantly and emotionally.Some of the stereotypical assumptions I had in front get together lose A were that because she had a physical and learning disability that she would be hard to communicate with, that she would pay off limited savvy and limited literal skills. I have challenged this opinion and realised that send away A is a very competent individual with good communicating skills, and can give tongue to her like s and dislikes proficiently. As for her physical disability this does non affect her cognitive or cerebral functions. I had to a fault do the assumption that as cut d admit A had MRSA that it could easily be cross-contracted due to a lack of association and education. After researching the issue and contacting infection control within the Trust I deducted that MRSA is a problem within clinical settings but can be easily controlled with proper preventative procedures. This can be identified as a risk, but should not be a reason to curb or discriminate neglect A.After having initially met swing A, liaised with her neighborly worker, accessed her case file and Tuned In to her life issues, I met with break loose A to prepare for the initial perspicacity and gather selective information into how best to accompaniment her. My role with little girl A was to provide a re ratement since the changes in her circumstances and the death of her father. My role was to determine what s upport she may need, and to complicate her wishes and olfactionings.AssessmentHistory has shown that there has always been an importance to prizement in social work, but since the 1990s there has been specific importance to a new form sagaciousness to include risk. The National Health military service and Community Care strike 1990 stresses the importance of inter-agency collaboration and a multi-disciplinary estimation treat (Trevithick, 2000). The purpose of an sound judgment may seem evident that is, to assess the needs of individuals who may need service of run and/or support. In recent history however estimate seems to mean a relationship mingled with need and available resources (Whittington, 2007, p23) leading to a question if this is ethical or effective practice? There are m any purposes of an appraisal, for example to assess risk, to assess need, to act as an advocate for someone and also to carry through agency and government insurance policy (Whittington, 2007, p25-26). Coulshed and Orme (2006) explain that opinion is an ongoing process where the purpose is to reckon people in relation to their environment it is a basis for patternning what needs to be done to nurse, improve or bring more or less change with the service exploiters start outicipation. The initial preparation for the assessment with pretermit A included chating her social worker and perusal her case file. This enabled me to gather information to dispel any preconceptions I had round meeting this service user. The social worker passed on her association of leave out A, much(prenominal) as medical conditions, family circumstances and finances, and also any previous problems that had occurred. I felt it was principal(prenominal) to work in partnership with dribble As social worker so I could keep her up to date with events, and also contact her if I required advice almost Miss A. The purpose of Miss As individual assessment was to gather information by in teracting and communicating with Miss A and others involved in her care, this was also to gain a holistic perspective to her needs. Her assessment was guided by legislation such as, the Chronically Sick and Disabled Persons Act (NI) 1978, which places a duty on health and social services to investigate a level of need, and also the Health and Personal Social Services (NI) roll 1972 which stipulates a responsibility to provide mortalal social services for the promotional material of social welfare for the general public (http//www.understandingindividualneeds.com). As a dumb set in motion of assessment I used Smales (1993) feignings of Professional Care which were useful in gathering measurable information about Miss A. I used the procedural and questioning model to gather information into how Miss A felt about certain issues in her life, such as the affliction of her father, contact with her other family, and other issues she felt were working or not working. I used these met hods of assessment as this followed Trust guidelines. I used The Model of Professional Care to gain a holistic understanding of information. I also included the Exchange model in the assessment as I pull ahead doed Miss A to be the expert of her own life. I regain the use of the Procedural model was useful in certain aspects of the assessment as it worked in collaboration with the Trusts format of assessment and worked as a form of gathering information, but discover I could have used more of an Exchange model to communicate in effect with Miss A rather than just form filling. I have Smales method of assessment provided me with tools to dish Miss A identify factors that were important for her to maintain, but also issues she would like to change. By working in partnership with her I felt we would have an open and trusting working relationship.I also focused on Person Centred Planning (PCP) in regards to the assessment with Miss A. Person Centred Planning, which evolved from t he White Paper a government policy known as Valuing People, suggested four key principles Rights, Independence, Choice and Inclusion as a proposal of changing services (Thompson, Kilbane and Sanderson, 2008, p9). This policy also facilitateed inform guidelines for Northern Irelands Equal Lives Policy (2005). Person Centred Planning focused on finding out what is important to and what is important for (health and unhurtty) Miss A. I found PCP a continual process of earshot and learning, by rivet on whats important to Miss A now and in the futurity (Thompson, Kilbane and Sanderson, 2008, p27). By using psyche centred tools, such as a one page profile, I gained knowledge of what was important to Miss A including her family, her dandy and her independence, as well as knowing what was important to keep her safe and healthy. I used a person centred approach to make others awake of Miss As great personality characteristics as well as the attend and support she would like. I feel th is was fundamental to demonstrate that Miss A is a person behind her disability. I found by using this approach was an essential skill in understanding Miss A and helped me to be anti oppressive and progressively support her needs One particular piece of legislation which I found to be significant in the assessment of Miss A was the Human Rights Act (1998), which identifies Miss As right to family life. Since the death of her father and the institutionalisation of her mother due to her mental health, Miss A has been experiencing disintegration of her family and has lost the support committed to it. The Human Rights Act could have a great significance as Miss A needs emotional and physical support to visit her mother and has not been receiving it therefore her right to family life is being impeded. The assessment identified that contact with her family and friends are imperative for this right to be upheld. thence as a result my role was to facilitate this right, and help to suppor t Miss A in retaining family contact.The main objectives we (Miss A and I) identified within the assessment were That Miss A had limited support to help discuss the death of her father. That Miss A was not receiving contact with her mother or other family and would like to.From the identification of objectives Miss A and I fixed to work towards solutions by preparing a work plan.PlanningAfter the initial assessment was carried out with Miss A we proceeded to work towards formulating a care plan and targeting her objectives. A care plan provided clear information for everyone involved with Miss A and helped work in partnership with her and the Trust. For a person centred care plan the word support is used in druthers to care because the verb implies that support is there to help people achieve their goals and ambitions (Thompson, Sanderson and Kilbane, 2008). A support plan is developed by the person with help where necessary, and it describes how the person intends to be suppor ted in order to live their own life (Thompson, Sanderson and Kilbane, 2008). I feel the use of a support plan with Miss A, rather than a care plan is an anti-oppressive method, as it incorporates Miss As feelings and opinions into how she wishes to be supported. I used the formulation of a support plan with Miss A to record the objectives she would like to meet and used these to fake an intervention. It was clear from the assessment and one page profile that limited contact with her mother was an issue, and that the death of her father had a significant impact on her life. I then proceeded to investigate theory of loss and grief as I had never experienced a loss of Miss As magnitude before. I found the Kubler-Ross Model and the 5 responses to grief to be particularly informative. (Goldsworthy, 2005). This theory helped inform my knowledge and in turn helped me be empathetic to Miss A. I was able to identify that Miss A can experience the 5 stages of grief and that they are not nece ssarily in a specific order. I felt Miss A was at two stages of grief, some days she experiences anger at her father leaving, and other cartridge holders she has deep feelings of depression of losing him. I was able to use Kubler-Rosss model to identify these stages in Miss A, and also to advise her that these feelings were part of the universal process of grief. The assessment also identified that Miss A had a lack of support in discussing her feelings of grief. Research suggests that people with learning disabilities experience many of the emotions of mourning but are limited in the opportunities they have to resolve their feelings of grief (Cathcart, 1995 Elliot, 1995 Read, 1996). There are many reasons for this and Murray et al explains that historically, professionals, parents or carers of individuals with learning disabilities believed that those in their care did not understand the concept of death and thus were unable to grieve for the loss of a love one (McLoughlin, 1986 Elliot, 1995 Read, 1996 cited in Murray et al. 2000). Kitching (1987) and Bradford (1984) highlight that the capacity to grieve is not unfree on a persons intellectual ability, but that a person with learning disability may experience grief in the same way as a child. Therefore research shows that people with a learning disability experience grief and loss but have a limited support network to discuss it with. I used this research to formulate a plan for the intervention with Miss A and we think that I could be support for discussing her grief. From the assessment and care plan with Miss A, and following discussions my practice teacher, I discussed that I would use counselling skills to help support Miss A with her feelings of grief. I felt Miss A needed her emotional needs met since the feelings of the death of her father were so dominant. Miss A and I also fixed that I would facilitate visits to her mother for emotional and physical support, as her mother was in the latter sta ges of lunacy and Miss A found it hard to communicate with her.Intervention precept for Counselling InterventionAfter having conducted an assessment and care plan with Miss A, and building a vibrancy over numerous meetings, it was decided that a counselling intervention would be the most appropriate form of support for grief. My practice teacher and I felt that if Miss A had the opportunity to discuss her feelings this would help her grieve more effectively and perhaps help her cope better.The two models of counselling that are prominent in social work are the work of Carl Rogers and Gerard Egan, who base their counselling approaches from psychodynamic work about inner thoughts and feelings. Both counselling theories reflect the social work value of accepting the individual, using skills in listening to the information that is given, and work towards a joint understanding and decision making about ways introductory (Coulshed and Orme, 2006). I focused on researching counselling theory to help me understand how I could help Miss A through her grief. Trevithick explains that within social work, humanistic approaches to counselling have been particularly influential, specifically with the work of Egan (1990) and Rogers (1961), primarily because they promote personal freedom and are consistent with anti-discriminatory practice and anti-oppressive perspectives (Trevithick, 2000). I found that the Rogers (1961) Person Centred counselling informed me that I could show flat positive regard for Miss A and understand that she is the expert of her own grief. I also analysed Egans (1990) clever sponsor Model and found it to be an effective theory for an approach to counselling. I found that the structure and framework of the model and the three stages were useful as a guide to follow. I found that although this method of counselling may not be as person centred as Rogers it could be more effective in assist Miss A understand her own grief as it followed a certain f ramework, could empower her and could be evaluated over time. This theory helped inform my practice by helping me realise that I do not need to be a qualified counselor to support someone I just need to be able to actively listen, to use empathy and be reassuring knowing that Miss As agenda is paramount. I consider this in itself to be a person centred way of counselling.I decided to follow a combination of Rogerian method and Egans approach to help support Miss A as an intervention. I decided I would use the structure of Egans model to help build a logical, consistent framework to the intervention, while using the marrow squash principles of the Rogerian approach to demonstrate my skills and set, such as working with respect, empathy, genuineness and good active listening (Coulshed and Orme, 2006).Counselling officeEgans Skilled Helper Model form of counselling provides a incorporated and solution focus basis. It is a three stage model in which each stage consists of specific skills that the helper uses to support the service user move forward (Nelson, 2007). Egans model is described as a three-stage process identification of the service users current issue(s) identification of the service users desired situation and the formulation of an action plan to achieve this. This process is facilitated by the ingenious helper using the skills outlines by Egan (Nelson, 2007).The goal of using Egans model with Miss A was to help her manage her grief and better understand the norms associated with it, such as anger or depression according to the Kubler-Ross Model. Egan (1998) claims his model is to help people become better at helping themselves in their usual lives. To provide Miss A with the empowerment to help herself grieve. The use of Egans Skilled Helper Model was to explore how Miss A felt about her bereavement. I used it to ask open questions about how Miss A felt about her father. We explored her past and discussed her relationship with her father befor e his death. I also used this stage to focus on aspects of her father before he died and what she missed about him, this was to explore and gather information about what her relationship was like with her dad. I was able to use a spue of skills to gather information about Miss As grief. Trevithick (2000) explains that social work skills are the degree of knowledge, expertise, judgement and experience that is brought into play within any given situation, course of action or intervention (Trevithick, 2000). Some of the skills I incorporated into Egans counselling were active listening, I used this skill with a range of non verbal cues to indicate to Miss A that I was raise in what she was saying. I concentrated on active listening as Miss A was portraying feelings and knowledge of the death of her father which was a sensitive subject and needed my full concentration. I portrayed active listening by nodding, giving eye contact and facing Miss A which were successful in helping build a rapport with Miss A, thus helping her open up. Another skill I feel I used well with Miss A was empathy. I feel I portrayed my feelings of empathy by responding fittingly to her answers and reassuring her that her thoughts and feelings almost grief were normal. I found myself using Empathy a great shell out with Miss A as I had never experienced bereavement before and she helped me understand how it felt. Its easy to imagine how someone feels, but when youre face up with helping them I felt I really needed to place myself in her shoes. I also found I made good use of silences with Miss A, I used these to give her time to reflect on her thoughts and answers. I have found by doing this that the meetings were paced better, and showed that she was the expert of her own grief and I was just there to listen and to ascertain her. I found that by using Rogerian person centred skills like genuineness, empathy, communication and active listening I was able to understand Miss A and show her that I was there to support with her agenda. Throughout the discussions of grief I feel Miss A was able to vent a potentiometer of her feelings that she had since her fathers funeral. I feel I was able to support her understand those feelings and help her recognise that anger, depression, or denial are normal feelings that many people in her situation suffer.Throughout Egans Skilled Helper Model and each of the seances with Miss A I found that she responded well to being able to discuss her feelings with someone. The Rogerian influence on the intervention enabled me to build trust, partnership and a good rapport with her facilitating an open working relationship and providing her with support.Some of the determine I tried to incorporate into my counselling and indeed my relationship with Miss A were empowerment and self-advocacy, by letting her know that her agenda was central. I wanted to nominate a balance of power and to provide a supporting role rather than a dictator r ole, which I feel I achieved by being able to listen to her views and incorporating PCP. Social work has a distinctive value base with beliefs and principles playing an important role in practice (Thompson, 2005). Challenging my values has helped me to treat Miss A with unconditional positive regard, and with the respect and dignity she deserves. I have challenged my values anti-oppressively by researching MRSA and not making assumptions about the condition I have challenged my stereotypical attitude around learning disability demonstrating that Miss A is first and foremost a person with feelings and issues before recognising she has a disability. paygradeOn evaluation of the Egans Skilled Helper Model and my intervention with Miss A have shown that her agenda was central to the sessions, a balance of power was necessary to achieve the trust and respect of one another and that listening is paramount to providing effective counselling. I entered the sessions with Miss A being insens ible of what to expect, I was troubled that I would not have enough knowledge about grief to help support her. After the initial session I soon realised that I didnt need to be a qualified counsellor to make a difference to her understanding of grief, I just needed to be able to explain her feelings to her and reassure her that they were normal and not as she phrased it being mental. I found that by working with Miss A using the Skilled Helper Model I was able to apply my skills of listening, communication and empathy to help her understand her feelings. I have never personally had a bereavement of Miss As scale before but feel as a remove result of working with Miss A I have in condition(p) that grief is a powerful emotion for anyone to experience and it can take a significant amount of time to recover from. The only wo I have of using the Skilled Helper Model was that I feel I did not have enough time to fully help support Miss A, I feel as I had a placement of only eighty-five days I did not have enough time to fully counsel her for the best outcome. I feel throughout the intervention process I tried to maintain person centred principles with Miss A by providing her with the opportunity to discuss what was important to her. Research shows that the use of Egans model is not person centred as it incorporates the counsellor to ask all the questions, and therefore have the control but I feel by working in partnership with Miss A to discuss the death of her father was important for her emotional well being and empowered her to help resolve her grief. I also incorporated Rogers core skills of genuineness, respect and trust to achieve thisConclusion Through working with Miss A I have found the experience to be priceless learning. I have discovered that there is a spectrum of ability with adults and their learning disability. I have found that each person is an individual, and that group care is not necessarily recognising of this. In regards to Miss A I have le arned not to make assumptions or stereotypes before meeting the person, as this can lead to oppression and even discrimination. Miss A is an individual, with individual needs, and at this assessment and intervention her emotional needs were prominent. I feel I completed the aims I had intended to by supporting Miss a through her grief using Egans Skilled Helper Model. I incorporated Rogers core skills into this model to help facilitate person centred sessions, and create an understanding that she was the expert, and I was there to listen and support her. If I was to fictionalise the intervention I would use Egans model again as it provided me with a structured, logical framework to work with and provided me with the identification of the skills I needed to make the sessions successful and effectively counsel Miss A.I feel my future learning needs from working with Miss A are to use more formal language as I identified I talked to her informally using words such as wee. I feel I di d this to appear more friendly rather than her social worker, but realise this is not a professional manner to work. new(prenominal) learning needs I identified were to pace the sessions more appropriately and ensure that Miss A understands the conversation. I feel during the initial sessions with Miss A I spoke more to engage her in the discussion, and feel this was more of a nervous reaction to having to counsel Miss A. During subsequently sessions I was able to take this skill into consideration and settle quicker into sessions to give Miss A the opportunity to discuss what she wished.Overall I feel my relationship with Miss A was good, I feel the assessment and intervention were successful, and I feel I worked in a person centred way incorporating knowledge, skills and values to inform my practice. I feel Miss A felt positively about our work together as her feedback from sessions indicated that she was commodious with the support I provided.References1. Beresford, P. (1996) The Standards we Expect What Service Users and Carers Want fromSocial Services Workers. capital of the United Kingdom National install of Social Work2. Bradford, J. (1984) Life after a Death, Parents Voice 34 6-73. Cathcart, F. (1995) Death and People with skill Disabilities Interventions to Support Clients and Carers British journal of Clinical Psychology 34 165-754. Coulshed, V., and Orme, J. (2006) Social Work Practice. Palgrave Macmillan, quaternate Edition5. Duffy P, Fisher C, Munroe D (2008). Nursing knowledge, skill, and attitudes related to evidenced based practice Before or After Organizational Supports. Medsurg Nursing 17 (1) 55-60 6. Egan, G (1990) The Skilled Helper A Systematic Approach to trenchant Helping. Pacific Grove, CA Brooks/Cole7. Elliot, D. (1995) Helping People with acquirement Disabilities to Handle Grief, Nursing Times 91 (43) 27-9.8. Goldsworthy, K. (2005) Grief and loss theory in social work practice All changes involve loss, just as all losses requi re change, Australian Social Work, 582, 167 1789. Kitching, N. (1987) Helping People with Mental Handicaps Cope with Bereavement, Mental Handicap 15 60-3.10. McLoughlin, I . (1986) Bereavement in the Mentally Handicapped, British Journal of infirmary Medicine October 256-60.11. Murray, G., McKenzie, K., and Quigley, A. (2000) The Grieving Process in Individuals with a Learning hinderance An Examination of the Knowledge and Understanding of Health and Social Care Journal of Intellectual Disabilities 4 77 12. Nelson, P. (2007) An Easy Introduction to the Egans Skilled Helper Solution Focused Counselling Approach. Palgrave and Macmillan (Online at www.f-e-t-t.co.uk) (Accessed 2 March 2009)13. Preston-Shoot, M., and Braye, S. (2009) Social work intervention (Online) Available at http//www.scie.org.uk/publications/elearning/law/law08/index.asp Accessed 5 whitethorn 2009.14. Read, S. (1996) Helping People with Learning Disabilities to Grieve, British Journal of Nursing 5 (2).15. Smale, G and Tuson, G. (1993) Empowerment, Assessment, Care Management and the Skilled Worker. London. HMSO16. Thompson, N. (2005) Understanding Social Work Preparation for Practice. Second Edition. Palgrave Macmillan17. Thompson, J., Kilbane, J., and Sanderson, H. (2008) Person Centred Practice for Professionals. Open University Press.18. Trevithick, P (2000) Social Work Skills A Practice Handbook. Open University Press.19. Whittington, C. (2007) Assessment in social work A guide for learning and teaching London.Social Care Institute for Excellence20. Williams, P (2006) Social Work with People with Learning Disabilities. Learning Matters LtdOther21. http//www.northernireland.gov.uk/news/news-dhssps/news-dhssps-october-2008/news-dhssps-101008-community-statistics-for.htm (10/10/08) (Accessed on 8 May 2009)22. http//www.understandingindividualneeds.com/policyandprocedure/statistics.htm (Accessed on 24 April 2009)

An Argument For Sustainable Agriculture Essay -- Farming Agricultural

An Argument For Sustainable Agriculture entering Merriam- nettsters online dictionary defines stewardship as the criminal maintenanceful and responsible management of something entrusted in ones c be (Merriam-Webster, 2015). Sustainable agriculture is a method that does non deplete soil, water, air, wildlife or adult male community resources (Community Alliance with, 1997). These two principles describe a type of farming that practices responsible management of the land in a way that does not deplete natural resources or the human community. We are living in a time when many environmental issues overhear come up due to such things as overpopulation, increased wasteland production, over consumption, depletion of natural resources and other activities that do not replenish the land. We essential show great concern in dealing with these problems. Farming is clear a key element in drawing life as we go to bed it, but it can also arrest devastating affects on the land. Sustain aptitude rests on the principle that we must meet present necessitate without flexile the ability of coming(prenominal) generations to meet their own needs. Therefore, stewardship of both natural and human resources is of choice importance (Feenstra). So, by managing resources under our care responsibly and practicing methods that do not deplete natural and human resources, we can meet current needs without compromising the needs of future generations. The idea of taking care of things for future generations is of prime importance in dealing with all issues that lead to compromising our environment. Farming is one activity that can lead to the depletion of soil, water, air, wildlife and quality of human community resources. Alternatives to conventional farming methods are present and do have th... ...pril 2015 http//www.cfarm.com/faq/whyorg.htmCommunity Alliance with Family Farmers. (1997). FAQs About Sustainable Agriculture, Web 14 April 2015 www.caff.org/sustain/faq/Engelke n, R. (1983). The Art of Natural Farming and Gardening. Greeley, Iowa Barington Hall Press. Feenstra, Gail. (No Date). What is Sustainable Agriculture? Web 14 April 2015 www.sarep.ucdavis.edu/sarep/concept.htm Merriam Websters Online Dictionary. (2015).http//www.merriam-webster.com/Organic Corn Hardier Than Conventional. (1995). Science News, 148, 255. Platt, LaVonne G. (Ed.). (1987). Hope For the Family. (1987). Newton, Kansas Faith and feel Press. Pretty, Jules N. (1995). Regenerating Agriculture. Washington, D.C. Joseph Henry Press. Whole Earth. (No Date). 10 Reasons to GO Organic. Web 14 April 2015 www.demon.co.Earthnet/org.10rea.html

Can Religion Make You Happy? Essay -- Happiness Essays

If morality Makes People Happy, wherefore Are So some(prenominal) Dropping Out? -- Louis Tay and David G. Meyers. Throughout history, righteousness has helped form the basic material of society. From an early age, religion provided the answers to any unexplainable natural phenomena. The question of why the population worked in a particular way was easily answered with because name of deity make it that way. Religion was everywhere everyone had their own ideas about how the world worked and what their role was in the universe. Each likeminded group held that their religious beliefs were the root cause of their happiness and ecumenic satisfaction with life. Centuries of religious dominance eventually gave birth to a far-flung idea that strong religious beliefs are essential to living a happy and fulfilling life. Even today, in a society dominated by scientific advances, religion finds a niche in catering to throngs spiritual needs. Indeed, despite the societal changes th at have occurred in recent times, religion has remained largely unchanged since its early days. The belief that religion factors intemperately into ones life satisfaction and happiness has also remained oftentimes the same, despite todays multifactorial and ever-changing society. The problem lies where religion is viewed as a major way to achieve happiness, and this perspective poop lead to blind acceptance of religion solely on the undercoat of its supposed universal benefits. Basically, a new way of looking at religion is needed seeing it not as the end-all happiness tool, but as a small factor in a complex web of happiness and well-being. Traditionally, organized religion in the Western world encouraged a melancholy outlook on life. Today, however, religion represents an forecast of happi... ...tz, Hans-Georg Lewis, Christopher Alan. The Relationship Between Religion and Happiness Among German school-age childs. Pastoral psychological science. 51.4 (2003) 273-281. Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection. Web. 19 June 2015.Madigan, Timothy J. Godless Happiness. Free Inquiry spend 1998 32+. Student Resources in Context. Web. 19 June 2015.Moeller, Philip. Religion Makes People Happier--But Why? Chicago Tribune. N.p., 13 Apr. 2012. Web. 15 June 2015.Myers, David G. Whos Happy? Whos not? Christianity Today. 23 Nov. 1992 23+. Gale Power Search. Web. 19 June 2015.Schumaker, John F. Can Religion Make You Happy? Free Inquiry Summer 1998 28+. Student Resources in Context. Web. 19 June 2015.Stearns, Peter N. The History of Happiness. (Cover Story). Harvard Business Review 90.1/2 (2012) 104-109. Business Source Complete. Web. 6 June 2015.

Pearl Harbor :: essays research papers

dip Harbor was the beginning of a war amongst two countries that would digest nearly 4 years and cost hundreds of thousands of lives. The good time was swift and in(predicate) for the lacquerese and it caught the the Statesns totally off guard. The Day that bequeath live in infamy drew the unite States into a humankind War in which would change American history forever. The political modality in the peaceable area in 1940 was filled with turmoil. The Nipponese had protracted their empire s asideheasterly through French Indochina and the Japanese Army was invade China, scourgeing a third of the country. The United States of America was shocked to take this after witnessing Hitler and his Nazis conquer most of Europe. So, the Americans had placed embargoes on their extensive foxiness with Japan and twain countries were negotiating to try to solve their differences.The U.S. tried to negotiate with the Japanese to try to suspend war, trying to convince them that if wa r broke out between Japan and the United States, Japan, in the long run, would be devastated. So, writing table of State Cordell take away and Japanese ambassador Namura and Kiruzo talked on how to solve this crisis. These negotiations proceeded into the summer of 1941.By this time, the Japanese had effected that if they wanted to expand their empire, they would acquire to fight America and, possibly, her allies. So, they decided to fight. But, in order for Japan to fight America on even terms, they would have to effort south, into the East Indies (where there was a draw of raw materials for the Japanese War Machine), which, at that time, were controlled by the western powers Britain, the Netherlands, Australia, and the United States. But, there was some other thorn in Japans side, the United States Pacific die was moved from San Diego to collect Harbor in Hawaii. This was a knife at Japans throat. If they decided to move south, because the Americans would attack. So, the Japanese had to come up with a plan to tolerate rid of this threat. They called upon their new Commander in antique of the Combined Fleet, admiral Isoroku Yamamoto. He saw that the British, in 1940, torpedoed the Italian slide by at Toranto utilize old Fairy Swordfish torpedo bombers. So, Yamamoto melodic theme if the British could delectation old biplanes to sink three battleships at Toranto, then he could manipulation his modern Nakajima B5N torpedo bombers and Aichi D3A dive bombers to destroy more.Pearl Harbor essays look papers Pearl Harbor was the beginning of a war between two countries that would last nearly 4 years and cost hundreds of thousands of lives. The attack was swift and successful for the Japanese and it caught the Americans totally off guard. The Day that will live in infamy drew the United States into a World War in which would change American history forever. The political climate in the pacific area in 1940 was filled with turmoil. The Japanese had extended their empire south through French Indochina and the Japanese Army was invading China, conquering a third of the country. The United States of America was shocked to see this after witnessing Hitler and his Nazis conquer most of Europe. So, the Americans had placed embargoes on their extensive trade with Japan and both countries were negotiating to try to solve their differences.The U.S. tried to negotiate with the Japanese to try to avoid war, trying to convince them that if war broke out between Japan and the United States, Japan, in the long run, would be devastated. So, Secretary of State Cordell Hull and Japanese ambassador Namura and Kiruzo talked on how to solve this crisis. These negotiations proceeded into the summer of 1941.By this time, the Japanese had realized that if they wanted to expand their empire, they would have to fight America and, possibly, her allies. So, they decided to fight. But, in order for Japan to fight America on even terms, they would have to move south, into the East Indies (where there was a lot of raw materials for the Japanese War Machine), which, at that time, were controlled by the western powers Britain, the Netherlands, Australia, and the United States. But, there was another thorn in Japans side, the United States Pacific Fleet was moved from San Diego to Pearl Harbor in Hawaii. This was a knife at Japans throat. If they decided to move south, then the Americans would attack. So, the Japanese had to come up with a plan to get rid of this threat. They called upon their new Commander in Chief of the Combined Fleet, Admiral Isoroku Yamamoto. He saw that the British, in 1940, torpedoed the Italian fleet at Toranto using old Fairy Swordfish torpedo bombers. So, Yamamoto thought if the British could use old biplanes to sink three battleships at Toranto, then he could use his modern Nakajima B5N torpedo bombers and Aichi D3A dive bombers to destroy more.

Explain why there is a need for world development Essay -- Economics

Explain why t present is a need for mankind developmentI believe that world development is needed for the hobby reasons In the world today, richer countries are the rulers and poorcountries their slaves, for they do not take up to be indebted to therich countries and they have repaid this debt back, however it is onlyin interest. The rich countries cannot seem to let go of the fundsgiven to them by the poorer countries, its these repayments thatcripple the poorer countries economies and make sure that they cannever be anything more than poor. In Timothy 6v10 it says For thelove of money is the root of all evil and that galore(postnominal) people havebroken their hearts with many sorrows, what the bible is teachinghere is that money can corrupt people, and sometimes people who havemoney care about it more than they care about other people. This iswhat I think has happened to the rich countries, they are so blindedby their induce greed that they do not recognise others needs unt il itbecomes so writ large they cannot ignore it any longer, like the faminein Ethiopia....

High Fidelity :: essays research papers

luxuriously Fidelity is directed by Stephen Frears (The luxuriously-Lo Country, tremendous Liaisons) and is written for the screen by D.V. DeVincentis, Steve Pink, Scott Rosenberg and buttocks Cusack, from the novel by slit Hornby. High Fidelity offers a comedic look at its heartbroken briny character and narrator, whose recent breakup forces him to rethink his previous failed romances and to confront the idolatry of commitment. The owner of a vinyl record store, Rob Gordon ( nates Cusack Being John Malkovich) feels misled and mistreated by his new ex-girlfriend Laura (Iben Hjejle Mifune). Bored and confused, Rob decides to revisit a series of old girlfriends (played by Lili Taylor, Joelle Carter and Catherine Zeta-Jones) in order to learn from their reasons for having rejected him. When his research produces a somewhat optimistic view of himself, Robs self-esteem is improve and he feels compelled to pursue a new adventure with the exotic Marie DeSalle (Lisa Bonet). Conflicts scrape up when Rob learns about Lauras sudden interest in his intolerable neighbor Ian (Tim Robbins).High Fidelity portrays the banal aspects of falling in and out of love. Its chief(prenominal) character, who personifies the identifiable ups and downs of bachelorhood, often turns to the camera to describe his misfortunes and to incite the viewers sense of intellect and humor. High Fidelity draws most of its comedy, however, from Robs two eccentric employees, Barry and Dick (Jack grim and Todd Louiso), whose well-defined personalities and distinct tastes in music contrast Robs overall ambivalence. High Fidelity offers a strictly male point of view by depicting a world where every male character --troubled or not-- is nonetheless a funny character, and where all female characters are each too angered, too hurt or too indifferent, yet perpetually serious. This choice supports the protagonists perception of the female mind as impenetrable and makes High Fidelity a film which com ments one-sidedly on the irrationality of love.Transplanted from England to the not-so-mean streets of Chicago, the screen version of Nick Hornbys cult-classic novel High Fidelity emerges unscathed from its Americanization, idiosyncrasies intact, thanks to John Cusacks inimitable charm and a nimble, nifty screenplay (cowritten by Cusack). Early-thirtysomething Rob Gordon (Cusack) is a slacker who owns a vintage record shop, a massive order of LPs, and innumerable top-five lists in his head. At the opening of the film, Rob recounts directly to the audition his all-time top-five breakups--which doesnt include his recent falling out with his girlfriend Laura (Iben Hjejle), who has conscionable moved out of their apartment.