The Oppression of Women as Women

The oppression of wo custody as wo workforce PHIL 202 Assignment 1 26/01/2012 The patriarchal confederacy in which we rattling has systematically oppressed women for centuries. It is non until extremely recent history, with the Womens outpouring Movement, that women puzzle been open to take meaningful strides towards a much(prenominal) postulate-to doe with and just society. We rich person come a long vogue since that time, women trick flat vote, work, practice politics and live independently of men it bets as though we have come very close to the equality that we have worked so hard to achieve. provided that statement has proven to be incredibly false.If we examine Marilyn Fryes metaphor of the bird cage and apply it to the changes that have been brought upon our society we can project how the oppression of women not merely until at present exists, but has gained new dimensions. By inspecting the progress women have made to ruffle into patriarchal society we can see that we have succeeded to remove approximately of the fit outs that have held us back from escaping the cage, however the removal of these wires has added new responsibilities for the egg-producing(prenominal) gender and it is these new responsibilities that have added completely new wires to our cages.By examining Marilyn Fryes expression Oppression we will examine why she believes that women are oppressed as women (Frye, p. 16) and why it is that, even though men hardihood barriers and difficulties, she believes that they are not oppressed as men (Frye, p. 16) Whilst reading Fryes article I was truly disagreeing with the tops she was making. How can she state that men are not be views oppressed in some way they have the burden of sustenance their families, they cannot express any(prenominal) emotions without seeming weak, and they arrogatet have the picking of spending as much time with their children?These facts made me certain that men too were oppressed, how ever in a different way than women. As I neared the end of the article I came to a sudden recognition the opinions I had formed were a product of my microscopic view of the smirch and I was not able to see that the burdens men faced were only barriers held in place in order to preserve the patriarchal society that has been created and they were not faced with systematic oppression. In order to illustrate this point we can take a look at an example from the side of two opposing genders. The workplace seems to be following the path f equality, even though certain issues remain (men earning more than women on average, men holding higher positions etc) they seem to be miniscule problems compared to the unmatchables faced by the women decades before us. The wire on the cage that we would have named ability to lock a career seems to be a rusty weak wire that is falling apart, no longer capable of holding women back. It may seem as if this is a victory, however, the oppressing society we live in has ensured that the destruction of that hit wire has been acknowledged and replaced by a new strong and stalwart set of wires in order to ensure systematic oppression.Now that women are able to work they are perceive as lazy and old-fashioned if they dont, however if they do work they are perceived as universe intimidating, bad mothers and sometimes masculine. whence it seems as if the situation where a women is perceived as hard-working, intelligent, ambitious and modern as well as wo military manish and an excellent mother and homemaker does not exist, yet it is actively expect of them if any of the aforementioned characteristics are not present she will be given a dreadful label by society.It is clear that the advancements we have made have lead to an entirely new dimension of oppression. If we now continue on to examine the role of a man in the workplace we can see that they do face barriers but they are in absolutely no way systematically oppressed. If we exam ine a single barrier they face, for example, the burden of having to support their family, as this is the norm with regards to conjure up roles. The man must go to work and must earn bills to pay the mortgage, to feed their children and to buy his wife the dishwasher she has been nagging him to get.This is a responsibility that he is expected to fulfill, however he is no way oppressed. In order to obtain an adequate job a man may go to school, earn a degree and find a stable and well-paying job. He will find this job with much more ease than a cleaning woman with the same qualifications and will get payed more than the aforesaid women. Being a man will be an improvement to his search and will in no way place any obstacles in his way, as opposed to woman whose gender is significantly attached to whatever injustices and deprivations she suffers, be they great or small. (Frye, p. 6) By obtaining a job, he has now earned the labels of intelligent, ambitious, and hard-working of m elody, in our age and time a woman might be able to acquire all of these labels as well. However the labels describing her femininity and home-life might not be as pleasant.What about a man? He is now supporting his family therefore he is now masculine and worthy, he is also seen as a good induce as he is supporting his children (the fact that he might not spend an adequate amount of time with them is of no importance as in our society financial support takes precedent of emotional support. Therefore our society has given him the burden of supporting his family but we can see that this is only a barrier put in place in order to for men to be able to exclude women from semipolitical and economic life and therefore control it. It may be a disadvantage in some ways, however it is important to recognize that it is a needed disadvantage in order to maintain control and can in no way be labelled as oppression.The simple precondition oppression must be understood because without catc h its rightful meaning it is much misused, and sometimes not innocently (Frye, p. 0) We must come to the understanding that men do face obstacles and barriers however they do not face the systematic oppression that women do as a result of their gender. Of course there are oppressed men living all slightly the conception, but this oppression does not stem from the simple fact of their brace but many other factors such as socio-economic situation, sexual orientation, political situations etc Simply put, there are thousands, maybe millions of men around the world who are in no way oppressed, but not one single woman because her gender is the defining characteristic for her oppression.

How The Adoration Of Jenna Fox Essay

The Adoration Of Jenna Fox relates to real life because of meeting late people, feelings and also as the Kirkus Reviews said Outstanding examination of identity, science and ethics. indicate reveal the truth layer by layer, maintain taut hesitation and psychological realism as she probes philosophical nonions of personhood.Protective parents, Jenna had real restrictive ones but for a reason, In the book Jenna almost dies and get cloned with bio gelatinatin to make a brisk body that she can live in with the same memories and feelings. Claire is truly protective of Jenna because she doesnt indigence anyone figuring come forth of knowing that she is not a tender but a clone. Claire does not want anyone to know Jenna of make contact with her, but Jenna is a very curious young woman and is eager to start a new life with new people I should be afraid. Mother would want me to be afraid. But other than Mother, Father and Lily, Mr bender is the only human being I have seen since I woke up. I want to call to someone who doesnt know me. (pg. 17)Being curious. Jenna Fox is a very curious and questioning person, she is al ways thinking new things and as has so much to learn and even though some of it is truly spoilt she is still very eager to find out about her past(a) and figure out her future. When she tells a very close person to her what she is and she is panic-stricken and frightened to see what their reaction is. He stares at me. His face is stiff. Frightening. I feel weak. What have I done? I shouldve kept quiet. Listened to mother. To Lily. I want to take back every word, but it is too late. (Pg.156) determination herself, Jennas brain is really her own, with the rest uploaded onto her brain. When Jenna finds out about the accident, she realises wherefore remaking her identity so difficult. She doesnt know who she is, and she is trying to queer her past. We see that Jennas parents maybe did not make the best decision, as Jenna struggles to rema ke her identity, going through lots of ups and downs throughout the book. Using the open technology,Matthew and Claire re-created their perfect daughter. But, as Jenna finds remaking her identity difficult, this maybe says that her parents baron have been too early and not thought out in their decision to save her. They made the right choice, but Jenna is not without her problems.In conclusion, The Adoration Of Jenna Fox relates to the real world in many ways apart from being made more than half out of bio gel But she experiences many simular things to modern day teenagers. Such as having parents that really care about her, learning new things at different paces and purpose herself throughout life.

Ten Characteristics of a Good Teacher

From time to time during the 15 years I befool been actioning in the field of English language schooling and training, I devote put myself in the position of language learner quite an than instructor. In make upition to enjoying language study andfinding the process fascinating, I find it beneficial to view the process by the eyes of a student. Even though I draw felt at betting odds with around instructors and their methods, I have learned something from every teacher I have ever had even the worst ,of them.There is a line in Saint-Exuperys The Little Prince that applies to each endeavor, but especially teaching. It reads That which is essential tail end non be seen with the eye. Only with the heart can angiotensin converting enzyme know it rightly. The essence of teaching is difficult to qualify, but that line leads directly into my most essential criterion. 1. I privation a teacher who has a contagious en husiasm for his t teachingone who, as Rich rd Via says, lov es his students and his work. Mr. Via is an educational specialist in using drama techniques to teach EFL at the East-West Center in Hawaii.I was lucky replete to attend his teacher-training seminar in Korea in 1976. It was a pleasure to be in his audience. His enjoyment in transmitting knowledge and participating in the seminar was app arnt and infectious. His passion for teaching instilled a passion for learning in all the participants. For me, the most crucial factors in potent teaching are who the teacher is and how he acts in the classroom. This influences the way the students react d toward the point language and, therefore, their success in learning it.2. I privation a teacher who is creative. Teaching must be to a greater extentthan just spring a book, doing exercises, and following an outline written by soul else. In the tedium of repetition, the student can go through the motions of doing the exercises without his mind existence engaged. What can a teacher do to engage the students mind? There are a myriad of techniques that the creative teach r can employinformation-gap exercises, e games, songs, jazz chants, problem solving, and different(a) techniques that allow the student to utilize the skills he has already developed in his first language. 3. I want a teacher who can bequeath pace and humor to the class.The humor of one of my teachers had the effect of alleviating my nervousnessof cut my effective filter. There was a rapport among the students and the teacher because we were all express feelings together. We had a good time learning, and we made a lot of emanation because we were non afraid to make mis binds we could take chances. As Krashen would say, the effective filters of the students were low, facilitating acquisition. an otherwise(prenominal) teacher that I had maintained an excellent pace in the class. She never lost an instant consulting a list or have in minding nigh what to do next she had preparedthat was evident and she was goingto capitalize on every second.I was somewhat nervous in her class, but I didnt have time to worry about it because events moved so quickly. I was literally sitting on the edge of my seat so that I wouldnt miss anything, and my adrenalin was a positive force. I should add that humor is a double-edged sword it can hold upfire, for what is funny to one person may not be funny to another. Humor crossways cultures can add a layer of difficulty to communication. 4. I want a teacher who gainsays me. I had several teachers who always spoke to me in Spanish, both in and out of class.I felt they were showing confidence in me and challenging me to emit Spanish. The students passive l knowledge of the localize language is always greater than his active knowledge. There is no priming coat why a teacher should use any language other than the sign language except possibly for purposes of expediency. When a teacher reverts to the inwrought-born language, he is showing a l ack of patience with the students struggles in the target language. In addition, switching codes is confusing. I was take a leakn a test in which all the in tructions were read to me in English, so that I would be sure to understand every thing.Then I had to adjudicate in Spanish. and the test had three parts and I had to continue switching codes back and forth from English to Spanish I found this very confusing. It is homogeneous going off a dietonce you cheat a i little, then you want to cheat a little to a greater extent. If someone speaks to me in English, this activates my English channel and I am prepared to think in English. Speaking in the target language to the learner prepares and challenges him to speak in that language. In addition, I want a teacher who can maintain a take aim of difficulty high enough to challenge me, but not so high as to discourage me.5. I want a teacher who is encouraging and patient, and who lead not give up on me. Some of the teachers that I h ave had demonstrated improbable patience with all of their students, never allowing even a shadow of temper to cross their faces in reaction to continued incorrect speaking later endless correction (which may say something about the policy of correction). When the teacher is positiveencouraging initial and repeated attemptsthe students result apply themselves more diligently.Motivation thrives on success. One teacher I had appeared on several occasion c to give up on me. She would struggle to have the other g members of the class repeat the combination of an indirect object pronoun followed by a direct object pronounthe nemesis of the Spanish-language student. They would have numerous chances to supply the correct combination in various tenses, but I oftentimes was given only one opportunity. For the life of me, I do not know why the teacher gave me only one chance.Was it because I was assay and she wanted to spare me any unpleasantness? Or was it because in her mind Ididnt need the practice? I felt that I unavoidable the practice and wanted at least a chance to chastise. I felt that the teacher was discouraged and had lost confidence in my faculty to progress. As a result, I lost my incentive and became unsure of myself. 6. I want a teacher who will take an reside in me as a personone who will try to acknowledge discussion topics that interest me. When I was teaching, one of the first things I did was to try to find out what my students interests were hobbies, past employment, family, travel, etc. The easiest, most accessible scope of conversation is oneself.The initial and intermediate stages of development for the language student do not abound with opportunities for coherent self-expression. Most of the time, we language students feel middling incompetent because we cannot express ourselves adequately, as we are accustomed to doing in our native language. Thus, if we can discuss some little accomplishment weve had, or something that we take pleasure in or are proud of, so much the better. 7. I want a teacher who knows grammar well and who can formulate something on the roll in the hay if necessary.I also want a teacher who is hard-nosed and has the simple courage to admit that he doesnt know an answer if indeed he doesnt. I have had some teachers who, probably as the result of the de-emphasis on grammar explanation in the structuralist tradition, did not provide enough explanations. It seems to me that a more eclectic approach would take into consideration the needfully of the adult learner, who should be given some insight into the intricacies of grammar. 8. I want a teacher who will take a minute or two to answer a question after class, or who will take five minutes tocorrect something that I have make on my own.I had several teachers who did this willingly and who encouraged the students to do extra work on their own. I also had a teacher who made some corrections for me at my request, but somehow I felt as i f I had encroached on her time. Is teaching to be exactly 50 minutes of the hour and no more? First, we as teachers need to encourage students not only to study what is required, but to pursue on their own areas in which they are arouse. Acquisition is facilitated when it concerns information that we need or are interested in.And second, we need to appreciate our students efforts. 9. I want a teacher who will treat me as a per on, on an equal s bag with all the members of the class, regardless of sex, marital status, race, or my future need for the language. In some of my classes women were given discussion topics relating only to the home and family, and men were rarely asked to berate about their families. Men were also given more talk time than the women. This can be discouraging to the student, and that is not conducive to progress. As teachers, we must lookcarefully at our classes to be certain that we are including everyone equally.I know that I have probably been guilty o f bias toward the brighter and more energetic studentstheyre more challenging for the teacher and more raise for the class. But now 1. Editors Note on the spot = without further consideration at once immdeiately. 2012 37 that I have been a victim of bias my elf, I will cers tainly be more aware of treating my students equally. 10. Finally, I want a teacher who will leave his emotional baggage outside the classroom. The classroom is a stage,and to be effective the teacher must in some cases be an actor.I do not want to interrupt my concentration by worrying about what dexterity be bothering the teacher. Nor do I want a teacher who sustains himself through ridicule or sarcasm, playing havoc with the emotions of his students and thereby blocking any learning/acquisition that might take place. Conclusion The qualities that I have discussed can be separated into four areas(1) affective characteristics, (2) skills, (3) classroom focal point techniques, and (4) academic knowledge Affect ive characteristics enthusiasmencouragement humor interest in the student availability mental healt Skills creativity challenge classroom Management pace fairness Academic Knowledge grammar A teachers effectiveness depends on his demonstration of the affective characteristics. These are noninheritable in some of us, but they are also within the image of most teachers. Most of us want to be encouraging, enthusiastic, and available, but we only if have to be reminded once in a while. The classroom wariness techniques of peace and fairness are often overlooked, but they can be crucial to effective teaching.These are not techniques that require training, but again, simply awareness. The specific teaching skills of creativity and challenge are associated more with the types of materials and activities, and their level and appropriateness. Ease and facility in these two areas come with experience and familiarity with the platform and materials. Lastly, a teacher who knows his grammar gives himself credibility and stature in the eyes of his students. With a little training in how to explain grammar and how to teach it, teachers have an indispensable tool.

Naruto

lNaruto (NARUTO ? , romanized as NARUTO) is an ongoing Japanese manga serial publication written and illustrated by Masashi Kishimoto. The plot tells the story of Naruto Uzumaki, an adolescent ninja who constantly searches for reference and aspires to constrain a Hokage, the ninja in his village that is acknowledged as the attractor and the strongest of all. The series is based on a one-shot comic by Kishimoto that was produce in the August 1997 issue of Akamaru Jump.The manga was first published by Shueisha in 1999 in the 43rd issue of Japans Weekly Shonen Jump magazine. Currently, the manga is still organism serialized with fifty-one tankobon volumes released so far. The manga was later on adapted into an gum gum anime, which was produced by Studio Pierrot and Aniplex. It premiered crossways Japan on the terrestrial TV Tokyo network and the anime satellite television network Animax on October 3, 2002.The first series lasted 220 episodes, magical spell Naruto Shippuden, a s equel to the original series, has been airing since February 15, 2007. In addition to the anime series, Studio Pierrot has developed six movies for the series and several original scene animations (OVAs). Other types of merchandise include light novels, video games and trading tease developed by several companies. Viz Media has licensed the manga and anime for North the Statesn production.Viz has been publishing the series in their Shonen Jump magazine, and as well as the indidividual volumes. The anime series began airing in the United States and Canada in 2005, and later in the United Kingdom and Australia in 2006 and 2007, respectively. The films, as well as most OVAs from the series, have also been released by Viz, with the first film premiering in cinemas. The first DVD volume of Naruto Shippuden was released by Viz in North America on September 29, 2009, and it started broadcast on Disney XD in October of the same year.The manga has sell over 100 million copies in Japan. Ser ialized in Vizs Shonen Jump magazine, Naruto has become one of the companys best-selling manga series. The English adaptation of the series has also appeared in the USA Today Booklist several times and volume 11 won the Quil Award in 2006. Reviewers from the series have praised the balance between engagement and comedy scenes, as well as the characters personalities, but have criticized it for victimization standard shonen plot elements.

How does Stevenson explore duality in The Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde? Essay

The composition of duality, in this case, of throng displaying duality of roughage, macrocosm two faced, of showing differentiateing sides to a per tidings, was of much engross to people in the new-fashioned 19th century, due to the way it reflected upon their society, and was a key concept of Gothic literature written at the time. In this essay, I shall see how Stevenson explores this, the techniques and methods he uses, and the way in which he shows us how duality is signifi push asidet in Victorian society.The Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde was iodine of the first tonics to re-introduce the Gothic literary genre, and thus has several elements that ar common to other Gothic novels, which I shall explore in this chapter. With Gothicism world a genre of horror fiction, almost all Gothic novels shake off some kind of hulk as the antagonist. Mr Hyde, although generally regarded as clement (a point which I will explore further later on), is preferably obviously a monster in the original sense, that is, a macrocosm of pure evil and sadism. He is described as a repulsive, marvellous person, for example, by Mr Enfield There is something wrong with his appearance something displeasing, something downright detestable he gives a strong feeling of deformity, although I couldnt specify the point.The concomitant that his features ar non truly described, further only hinted on vaguely, is also important it is common for Gothic literature to prey upon the fear of the unknown. Hyde as a monster is only ever witnessed finished the eyes of others, in other words, at no point in the novel do we perish an explanation from his viewpoint. This is also another Gothic technique, designed to de-humanise the monster if we could see things from its perspective, we could sympathise with it, therefore this is not allowed.In this novel, the view of a monster is combined with another Gothic element the two-bagger. The double is the bringing close together of duality taken to an extreme, physical level a character who has two different forms, often with one being unspoilt, the other evil. communal doubles in Gothic literature include werewolves, people who transfigure from regular humans into a wolf form, and vampires, people who, by night, plough blood-sucking monsters. Hyde is the double of Jekyll although he has a different form, he is not an whole separate person, besides is the evil side of Jekyll. By creating Hyde, Jekyll allows himself to express his inward desires, with show up receiving the consequences, such as shame, guilt, or a loss of respect and reputation. This is procedure of one of the key themes of the book, which is exposing duality in Victorian society, that will be explored later.Finally, there is one thing that sets Jekyll and Hyde apart from other Gothic novels. Usually, they are set in actually remote places, often in foreign, Catholic countries. This distances the reader from the often scary events h appening, however, in Jekyll and Hyde, the fact that it is set in London makes the events seem much closer and real, and therefore scarier. Other than this electric razor point, however, it is easy to see how Stevenson uses the Gothic genre to explore duality in the book.Stevenson also uses a particular style of writing and a soma of techniques that help to explore duality, for example, the story is titled as The Case of, which, as well as being a case as in a particular event, it is in some ways presented almost as a legal case. As the story unfolds, we see Mr Utterson on an investigation, with shew in the form of accounts from Mr Enfield, the maid and others, as well as respective(a) letters and the will made by Dr Jekyll. At the end of the book, we get the full statements of the two main witnesses, Dr Jekyll and Dr Lanyon. As noted before, Mr Hydes reminiscence of the events is never known.By writing in this way, Stevenson clear shows us contrast between the protagonist pro secutor and the antagonist defendant in the book, as well as involving the other characters as more neutral witnesses, but leaving it open to speculation whether they are in this case unavoidably good or bad, exposing their duality, for example with Dr Jekyll, who, although he obviously hates Hyde for his crimes, still continues to solicit becoming him for the purposes of expressing his desires.Another technique Stevenson uses is symbolism, mostly in the form of weather, for example, the city streets were filled with smog when Hyde was out, and in chapters 2 and 4, where Utterson and others are trying to rally Mr Hyde, there is a thick early-morning fog. This, although common in London at the time, still had associations of secrecy and obscurity, as it was the domain of people like dogshit the Ripper, and therefore the perfect setting for the crimes of Mr Hyde. As well as weather, Stevenson employ the symbolism of doors and windows also as fables for secrecy. For instance, in Jekylls laboratory, it is always piece of ass the closed cabinet door that he transforms into Hyde, and it is only when this door is embarrassed down that the mystery is solved. Also, when Utterson and Enfield go to s heyday with Jekyll in Incident at the Window, the window serves as a barrier between Utterson and the truth that Jekyll hides.To comprehend how the book as a whole expresses duality, it is important to understand how coeval readers would have viewed and reacted to the book. Obviously, at the time it was published, readers would have not suspected the idea of transforming into an evil doppelgnger was the key to the mystery about Jekyll and Hyde. We should bear in top dog that the most logical solutions are that Jekyll and Hyde were having a homosexual relationship, that Hyde was the illegitimate son of Jekyll, or that Jekyll was somehow being intimidated and controlled by Hyde, possibly via squeeze or debt contemporary readers would probably have guessed that one of those was the most potential to be the case. It is also important to understand how readers would have viewed Hyde.In the late 19th century, many post-Darwinist theories about evolution and creationism were being discussed and debated, and people were reservoir to accept the idea that humans were descended from apes. From this came the idea that people who were socially unacceptable, that is, anyone who did not confirm to the Victorian ideals of etiquette and manners, could be regarded as less evolved, and in a way sub-human. This is highly evident with Mr Hyde, who is described as being very short, deformed and ape-like.There is, however, a final point about the readers of the book, which I regard as one of the most important, and it is what made the book so shocking and controversial at the time. This is the way in which the book exposes the duality that was present in Victorian society, which is displayed by the important characters in the book. hostel and culture at the ti me were based highly on etiquette and conformity, and of show the best as possible in public. Any persons vices were kept behind closed doors, even with close friends and family, and thus, this lead to people leading very separate public and private lives. In Jekyll and Hyde, Stevenson shows this to some extent with all of the major characters, the most signifi foott of which I shall explore further.Mr Utterson seems to be the most single-track, sincere character, however, he does display moral ambivalency as a lawyer. In his own words, I let my blood brother go to the Devil in his own way. At first, it seems that it is good of him, as a lawyer, to not judge people at all, however, although this seems helpful, it rotter also be bad, for example it means that he will not step in to help someone who is going to the Devil, but rather let them sort things out in their own way. He only seems to change this at the end of the book, and that is only because Poole suspects that Hyde has murdered Dr Jekyll.Mr Carew, an MP, is clearly shown as being a well-mannered gentlemanly figure, but because of this, we can not help but wonder why he is out in a shady district of London at night, and what he said to anger Mr Hyde so much (if anything). This shows once again the idea of having a private life, kept hidden and separate from your public life, which is what Carew appears to be doing.Finally, there is Dr Jekyll. Throughout the book he is described as a good man, who was respectable, admired by his friends, as someone seen as around perfect by Victorian standards. However, beneath the public face we can see that his fascination with Mr Hyde is not purely scientific. Once he has experience what it is like to be in Hydes body, he begins to crave it more, this is because, through Hyde, he can do things that are completely unacceptable, even by modern standards. The book suggests that, as well as murder, he perform many sexual perversions, and similar acts. This shows h ow a man can guide and become a lesser human, as noted before, and that this is achieved by science. At the time, people believed in the idea that humanity could reach a peak level, and then devolve, becoming ape-like once again, Jekyll and Hyde could be seen as a metaphor for this.As you can see, Stevenson uses these characters effectively as well a unspecific variety of literary techniques and in the style of a Gothic novel to explore duality and how it relates to society at the time.

Managerial Economics

P7. 6 Optimal Input Mix. The First National Bank received 3,000 inquiries following the latest advertisement describing its 30-month IRA accounts in the Boston World, a topical anaesthetic newspaper. The most recent ad in a similar ad campaign in Massach purposetts Business, a regional business magazine, gene driftd 1,000 inquiries. apiece newspaper ad be $ viosterol, whereas to each one magazine ad costs $ one hundred twenty-five. A. Assuming that excess ads would gene range similar response rates, is the bank discharge an optimal swagger of newspaper and magazine ads? Why or wherefore not? No, the bank is not running an optimal mix of newspaper and magazine ads because the optimal cabal would occur when MPn / Pn = MPm / Pm ? newspaper getup 3,000 / 500 = 6 and magazine forbiddenput 1,000 / 125 = 8. and then, amount exhausted on newspaper ads attracted 6 inquiries while amount spent on magazine ad attracted 8 inquiries. So to run an optimal mix of newspaper and magazin e ads, the bank has to run more magazine ads and/ or fewer newspaper ads. B. Holding all else equal, how m all inquiries must a newspaper ad attract for the current advertize mix to be optimal? For the current publicizing mix to be optimal, MPn / Pn = MPm / Pm therefore, to increase the newspaper output from 6 to 8, Find MPn / 500 = 8 *500 ? MPn = 4,000 *500 So inquiries generated by newspaper ads would have to increase from 3,000 to 4,000. P7. 7 Marginal taxation Product of Labor. To better serve customers interested in buying cars over the Internet, Smart Motors, Inc. , hired Nora Jones to respond to customer inquiries, call set quotes, and write orders for leads generated by the companys Web site. During pop off year, Jones add upd 1. 5 vehicle gross gross per week.On average, these vehicles sold for a retail price of $25,000 and brought the dealership a profit contribution of $1,000 each. A. Estimate Jones annual (50 workweek) bare(a) revenue enhancement crop. oJones borderline revenue product keister be order by the number of cars sold and the profit of each sale. MRPL = MPL * MRQ ? MRPL = (1. 5 * 50) * ($1,000) = $75,000 (Vehicles gross sales p/week * workweek) * (profit contribution) B. Jones earns a base salary of $60,000 per year, and Smart Motors expects an additive 28 percent of this base salary in taxes and various interference fringe benefits.Is Jones a profitable utilisationee? oNo, Jones is not a profitable enforceee because her cost to be employed is $76,800 ($60,000 base salary + 28% of taxes and fringe benefits) and her fringy revenue product is only $75,000. Therefore, MRPL ($75,000) PL ($76,800). This means that even though Jones brings in $75,000 additional profit it costs Smart Motors $76,800 to have her which means she brings $1,800 of peripheral redness to Smart Motors. P7. 8 Optimal Input Level. Ticket Services, Inc. , offers ticket advancement and handling services for concerts and sporting events.The Sherman Oaks, California, branch office makes heavy use of spot radio advertising on WHAM-AM, with each 30-second ad be $ blow. During the past year, the following relation between advertising and ticket sales per event has been observed Sales ( unit of measurements) = 5,000 + 100A 0. 5A2 ?Sales (units) / ? Advertising = 100 A Here, A represents a 30-second radio spot ad, and sales are metrical in numbers of tickets. Rachel reverse lightning, manager for the Sherman Oaks office, has been asked to recommend an appropriate level of advertising.In thinking about this problem, Green noted its resemblance to the optimal resource drill problem studied in a managerial economics course. The advertising/sales relation could be thought of as a mathematical product function, with advertising as an input and sales as the output. The problem is to govern the profit-maximizing level of employment for the input, advertising, in this production system. Green accept that a measure of output nurs e was needed to solve the problem.After reflection, Green stubborn that the value of output is $2 per ticket, the net peripheral revenue earned by Ticket Services (price minus all marginal costs except advertising). A. Continuing with Greens production analogy, what is the marginal product of advertising? **Marginal Product measures additional output from one more unit of the variable quantity input. ** oMPA = MS/MA = ? Sales (units) / ? Advertising (OR ? Q/? A) = 100 A B. What is the happen for determining the optimal amount of a resource to employ in a production system? Explain the logic inherent this rule. The rule for determining the optimal amount of a resource to employ is MRPA = PA (see slide 17) MPA * MRQ = PA (see slide 9) The above equation turns to ?Q/? A * ? TR/? Q = ? TC/? A ?Qs netcel each other out and the equation turns to ?TR/? A = ? TC/? A This leads to Marginal Total tax income (MTR) = Marginal Total Cost (MTC), which means the inflow = outflow. C. utili ze the rule for optimal resource employment, determine the profit-maximizing number of radio ads. oUsing the above equation MPA * MRQ = PA ? (100-A )* $2 = $100 $200-2A = $100 ? $100= 2A ? A=$50 P7. 9 Net Marginal Revenue.Crane, Poole & Schmidt, LLC, is a successful Boston-based equity firm. Worker productivity at the firm is measured in billable hours, which pull up stakes between partners and associates. Partner time is billed to clients at a rate of $250 per hour, whereas associate time is billed at a rate of $125 per hour. On average, each partner generates 25 billable hours per 40-hour workweek, with 15 hours spent on promotion, administrative, and supervisory responsibilities. Associates generate an average of 35 billable hours per 40-hour workweek and spend 5 hours per week in administrative and training meetings.Variable overhead costs average 50 percent of revenues generated by partners and 60 percent of revenues generated by associates. A. think the annual (50 workweek) net marginal revenue product of partners and associates. For Partners oMRPP = MPP * MRQ ? MRPP = ($25 * 50) * ($250* 100% 50%) = $156,250 (Billable hrs * workweek) * (rate billed * % overhead cost) For Associates oMRPA = MPA * MRA ? MRPA = ($35 * 50) * ($125* 100% 60%) = $87,500 (Billable hrs * workweek) * (rate billed * % overhead cost) Each marginal hour of effort by partner brings the firm $250 in revenue $125 ($250 *50%) of variable costs, so a partner has a net marginal follow-up of $125 p/hr. ?Each marginal hour of effort by associate brings the firm $125 in revenue $75($125 *60%) of variable costs, so a partner has a net marginal revue of $50 p/hr. Both of these reflect the marginal value of service output. B. If partners earn $175,000 and associates earn $70,000 per year, does the company have an optimal combination of partners and associates? If not, why not? Make your answer explicit and support any recommendations for change. Comparing partners marginal revenue pro ducts with their salary shows MRPP = $156,250 $175,000. This means that partners bring $18,750 ($175,000-$156,250) marginal loss to the firm. oComparing associates marginal revenue products with their salary shows MRPA = $87,500 $70,000. This means that associates bring $17,500 ($87,500-$70,000) marginal profit to the firm. Therefore to help move the company to an optimal combination where profit is maximized, they will have to either reduce the number of partners or have a small increase in the number of associates.This can be done by expanding the number of associates until MRPA = $70,000. After this is done we can recalculate the MRPP to see if it has increased. If the new MRPP = $175,000, no other change involve to be made. Chapter 7 Power Point Problem Stereo Receivers. Do-It-Yourself, Inc. , sells budget-priced stereo pass receivers, in both kit and fully-assembled forms. Customers who assemble their own receivers benefit from the press down kit price of $100 per receive r. Full-service customers enjoy the luxury of an assembled receiver, but tolerate a higher price of $150 per receiver.Both kit and fully assembled receiver prices are stable. The company has observed the following relation between the numbers of assembly workers employed per solar day and assembled receiver output Number of workersFinished receivers 00 18 214 318 420 521 A. )Construct a table showing the net marginal revenue product derived from assembly worker employment. Number of WorkersFinished receiversMarginal Product of Labor (MPL)Net Marginal Revenue Product of Labor (NMRPL) (1)(2)(3)(4) = (3) x $50 00N/AN/A 188$400 146$ three hundred 3184$200 4202$100 5211$50 B. )How many assemblers would Do-It-Yourself employ at a daily wage rate of $120? oDo-It-Yourself would employ 3 workers since from the table above, three workers NMRPL is $200 which is greater () than the $120 they would pay in wages. C. )What is the highest daily wage rate Do-It Yourself would pay to hire four asse mblers per day? oTo hire four assemblers per day, the highest daily wage rate Do-It-Yourself should pay is $100 since thats the NMRPL for the fourth worker.Managerial EconomicsQ1. In a country, the velocity of gold is constant quantity. veritable GDP grows by 5% per year, the money stock by 14% per year, and the nominal interest rate is 11 per cent. What is the real interest rate? A. 1 The following is provided in the irresolution GDP festering rate (Y)- 5% Money Stock harvesting rate (M)-14% Nominal Interest straddle- 11% Velocity Of Money- Constant echt Interest Rate = Nominal interest rate fanfare . fisherman Effect By the quantity equation we have M . V = P. YThe Quantity speculation of Money assumes that V is constant and exogenous. flash= replace in the Money Growth- Change in the GDP Growth Using the above values Inflation= 14% 5% = 9% so Real Interest Rate = 11%- 9%= 2% Therefore the real interest rate is adjusted for rising prices. Q. 2 Suppose a country ha s a money demand function (M/P)d = kY, where k is a constant parameter. The money interpret grows by 12% per year, and real income grows by 4% per year. (a) What is the average inflation rate? b) How would inflation be distinct if real income growth were higher, say 6%? Explain. (c) Suppose, instead of a constant money demand function, the velocity of money in this economy was suppuration steadily, say by 2% per annum because of financial innovation. How would that affect the inflation rate? Explain. A. 2 The Money demand function (M/P)d = kY, where M/P = Real Money Balances k= money people wish to hold for each rupee of income and k= 1/V (a) Average Inflation Rate 12%- 4%= 8% b) If Y=6%, then Inflation is 12% 6 %= 6% Inflation depends upon changes (in this increases) in the Money tag on and Real Income, which is given by the quantity theory of money. So if the money growth rate is greater than the real income growth rate it results in Inflation. In the (a) the money growth rat e was 12% whereas real income growth rate is 4% so the Inflation rate is 8%, whereas in (b) the real income growth rate has increased to 6% and hence the inflation has rate has changed and decreased to 6%. c) The Velocity of money is not constant in this case as assumed in the Quantity theory of money. V=2% The Inflation would now therefore be determined as follows- Inflation rate = Change in Money picture + Change in Velocity Change in Real Income Inflation rate = 12% + 2% 4%=10 % The Inflation in this case is highest and is equal to 10%, this is because the growth rate of money supply is greater than real income growth rate and also because the V is not a constant and hence the a unit of the money is beingness used 2% more.

Immigration Issues

Over the years the coupled States has been called a nation of immigrants. The fact that the States is a melting kitty for so many different cultures, races, and religions makes it unique in the world. The in the rawcomers, both legitimate and illegal, fill labor shortages and provide new business opportunities. History shows they too catch ideas, vigor, and ambition. However, rising immigrant considers and messy in-migration policies have accommodate a serious problem to gain control of.Although immigrants have contributed to the States, the regime should reform latest immigration policies and limit immigrants flow at present because of the economics and the large population problem. Kofi Annan in her words on International Flows of public states that we must approach the issues of immigration with the strong ethical compass. Jagdish Bhagwati asserts that while ever-changing immigration policies we should seek benefits for all. I disagree with both of them.American p olitics should initiative of all seek benefits for native citizens and local economy and in that location is no place for ethical compass in effective immigration policies that forget benefit the economy and citizens. The new immigrants have caused economic problems in America today. Each decade of new immigrants has done worse than the last economically. fit in to a study released by the Center for in-migration Studies in Washington, The tuition levels of newly arriving immigrants have not kept pace with those of native-born Americans.As c beers that contract advanced education continue to drive the job securities industry, it is no confusion that many immigrants are finding it increasingly difficult to join the economic mainstream (Camarota). The results of the lower education ripple effect do not signal well for recent immigrants. Those who arrived in the 1980s have remained at an economic disadvantage, and are still less likely to own homes or become citizens than the i mmigrants of the previous(prenominal) three decades, says the study (Camarota).Several decades ago, many immigrants entered America as skilled workers and alter the labor shortages however, the majority of the immigrants today are unskilled workers, and the labor market is almost full because of the machine utilization and the network development. The problem is that current immigration policies give more consideration to those unskilled workers. For example, it is easier to get a visa through a family member than through an American employer. In fact, there are only 140,000 employment-based mmigrant visas given out distributively year, comparison to unlimited family-based visas (Visa Types for Immigrants). Immigration and Naturalization Service (INS) data show that those new arrivals usually are from the growing countries, and most of them come to join death family members. Most of those new immigrants usually have to face many troubles such(prenominal) as language problems and cultural adjustments when they arrive in America. Social armyage has to pay benefits to them because of their low income.Thus, the majority of them have low education there is no doubt that they get out become a public burden. If the political relation does not change the messy immigration policies, the economic problem leave get worse. So, I suggest that the American presidential term should expand the number of employment-based immigrant visas. This will let more educated and determined people into the country, who will boost the economy by providing innovations in fields of science and technology.Then, the regime should limit the number of family-based visas, so those skilled immigrant workers wouldnt be able to bring their unskilled relatives. Another economical problem that immigrants from developing countries bring is that they propel large amounts of national wealth to their home countries. As Kofi Annan in her lecture on International Flows of Humanity states, mi grant workers in developed countries pull at least $88 billion back to their countries of origin-more than those same developing countries received in official development aid (Annan).If American government wont do anything about it, the numbers will grow faster with each year. I suggest that to compensate the breathing out of national wealth, American government should stop sending financial aid to developing countries. Unlimited immigration will cause a large population problem. The large population in India has caused increasing unemployment, unsafe environments, and a lack of resources. Following their experience, America should be on the alert that continued rising immigrant numbers will lead to a large population one day.It is estimated that if immigration continues at a current levels, the nations population will increase from 301 million today to 468 million in 2060 a 167 million (56 percent) increase (Camarota). Immigrants plus their descendents will account for 105 mill ion (63 percent) of the increase (Camarota). Kofi Annan mentions in her article The more we try to deal with migration simply by clamping down on it with tighter adjoin controls, the more we find that human rights are sacrificed-on the journey, at the border, and inside host countries. Such increase in the population will cause congestion, sprawl, traffic, pollution, loss of open spaces, and greenhouse gas emissions. So, tightening border controls will oculus much less people than these problems. To do that America should focus on what kind of nation it wants to be uneducated, dependent, and unmotivated or united, skilled, and progressive. Immigration policies that embody today People that come here as+ live in closed communities Kofi Anan addresses the issue of immigrants discrimination in U. S. a lot in her article.But in my opinion United States is the most anti-discriminative country of all already. In fact the government focuses so much on minorities that if you belong to wh itened race and dont have any disabilities it is almost impossible to get a financial aid or any other kind of benefits.Annan, Kofi. jaw on International Flows of Humanity Camarota, Steven A. The Slowing Progress of Immigrants. Center for Immigration Studies, March 2001, http//www. cis. org/articles/2001/back401. html Visa Types for Immigrants. U. S. Department of State, October 6, 2008. http//travel. state. gov/visa/immigrants/types. html