Managerial Economics

P7. 6 Optimal Input Mix. The First National Bank received 3,000 inquiries following the latest advertisement describing its 30-month IRA accounts in the Boston World, a topical anaesthetic newspaper. The most recent ad in a similar ad campaign in Massach purposetts Business, a regional business magazine, gene driftd 1,000 inquiries. apiece newspaper ad be $ viosterol, whereas to each one magazine ad costs $ one hundred twenty-five. A. Assuming that excess ads would gene range similar response rates, is the bank discharge an optimal swagger of newspaper and magazine ads? Why or wherefore not? No, the bank is not running an optimal mix of newspaper and magazine ads because the optimal cabal would occur when MPn / Pn = MPm / Pm ? newspaper getup 3,000 / 500 = 6 and magazine forbiddenput 1,000 / 125 = 8. and then, amount exhausted on newspaper ads attracted 6 inquiries while amount spent on magazine ad attracted 8 inquiries. So to run an optimal mix of newspaper and magazin e ads, the bank has to run more magazine ads and/ or fewer newspaper ads. B. Holding all else equal, how m all inquiries must a newspaper ad attract for the current advertize mix to be optimal? For the current publicizing mix to be optimal, MPn / Pn = MPm / Pm therefore, to increase the newspaper output from 6 to 8, Find MPn / 500 = 8 *500 ? MPn = 4,000 *500 So inquiries generated by newspaper ads would have to increase from 3,000 to 4,000. P7. 7 Marginal taxation Product of Labor. To better serve customers interested in buying cars over the Internet, Smart Motors, Inc. , hired Nora Jones to respond to customer inquiries, call set quotes, and write orders for leads generated by the companys Web site. During pop off year, Jones add upd 1. 5 vehicle gross gross per week.On average, these vehicles sold for a retail price of $25,000 and brought the dealership a profit contribution of $1,000 each. A. Estimate Jones annual (50 workweek) bare(a) revenue enhancement crop. oJones borderline revenue product keister be order by the number of cars sold and the profit of each sale. MRPL = MPL * MRQ ? MRPL = (1. 5 * 50) * ($1,000) = $75,000 (Vehicles gross sales p/week * workweek) * (profit contribution) B. Jones earns a base salary of $60,000 per year, and Smart Motors expects an additive 28 percent of this base salary in taxes and various interference fringe benefits.Is Jones a profitable utilisationee? oNo, Jones is not a profitable enforceee because her cost to be employed is $76,800 ($60,000 base salary + 28% of taxes and fringe benefits) and her fringy revenue product is only $75,000. Therefore, MRPL ($75,000) PL ($76,800). This means that even though Jones brings in $75,000 additional profit it costs Smart Motors $76,800 to have her which means she brings $1,800 of peripheral redness to Smart Motors. P7. 8 Optimal Input Level. Ticket Services, Inc. , offers ticket advancement and handling services for concerts and sporting events.The Sherman Oaks, California, branch office makes heavy use of spot radio advertising on WHAM-AM, with each 30-second ad be $ blow. During the past year, the following relation between advertising and ticket sales per event has been observed Sales ( unit of measurements) = 5,000 + 100A 0. 5A2 ?Sales (units) / ? Advertising = 100 A Here, A represents a 30-second radio spot ad, and sales are metrical in numbers of tickets. Rachel reverse lightning, manager for the Sherman Oaks office, has been asked to recommend an appropriate level of advertising.In thinking about this problem, Green noted its resemblance to the optimal resource drill problem studied in a managerial economics course. The advertising/sales relation could be thought of as a mathematical product function, with advertising as an input and sales as the output. The problem is to govern the profit-maximizing level of employment for the input, advertising, in this production system. Green accept that a measure of output nurs e was needed to solve the problem.After reflection, Green stubborn that the value of output is $2 per ticket, the net peripheral revenue earned by Ticket Services (price minus all marginal costs except advertising). A. Continuing with Greens production analogy, what is the marginal product of advertising? **Marginal Product measures additional output from one more unit of the variable quantity input. ** oMPA = MS/MA = ? Sales (units) / ? Advertising (OR ? Q/? A) = 100 A B. What is the happen for determining the optimal amount of a resource to employ in a production system? Explain the logic inherent this rule. The rule for determining the optimal amount of a resource to employ is MRPA = PA (see slide 17) MPA * MRQ = PA (see slide 9) The above equation turns to ?Q/? A * ? TR/? Q = ? TC/? A ?Qs netcel each other out and the equation turns to ?TR/? A = ? TC/? A This leads to Marginal Total tax income (MTR) = Marginal Total Cost (MTC), which means the inflow = outflow. C. utili ze the rule for optimal resource employment, determine the profit-maximizing number of radio ads. oUsing the above equation MPA * MRQ = PA ? (100-A )* $2 = $100 $200-2A = $100 ? $100= 2A ? A=$50 P7. 9 Net Marginal Revenue.Crane, Poole & Schmidt, LLC, is a successful Boston-based equity firm. Worker productivity at the firm is measured in billable hours, which pull up stakes between partners and associates. Partner time is billed to clients at a rate of $250 per hour, whereas associate time is billed at a rate of $125 per hour. On average, each partner generates 25 billable hours per 40-hour workweek, with 15 hours spent on promotion, administrative, and supervisory responsibilities. Associates generate an average of 35 billable hours per 40-hour workweek and spend 5 hours per week in administrative and training meetings.Variable overhead costs average 50 percent of revenues generated by partners and 60 percent of revenues generated by associates. A. think the annual (50 workweek) net marginal revenue product of partners and associates. For Partners oMRPP = MPP * MRQ ? MRPP = ($25 * 50) * ($250* 100% 50%) = $156,250 (Billable hrs * workweek) * (rate billed * % overhead cost) For Associates oMRPA = MPA * MRA ? MRPA = ($35 * 50) * ($125* 100% 60%) = $87,500 (Billable hrs * workweek) * (rate billed * % overhead cost) Each marginal hour of effort by partner brings the firm $250 in revenue $125 ($250 *50%) of variable costs, so a partner has a net marginal follow-up of $125 p/hr. ?Each marginal hour of effort by associate brings the firm $125 in revenue $75($125 *60%) of variable costs, so a partner has a net marginal revue of $50 p/hr. Both of these reflect the marginal value of service output. B. If partners earn $175,000 and associates earn $70,000 per year, does the company have an optimal combination of partners and associates? If not, why not? Make your answer explicit and support any recommendations for change. Comparing partners marginal revenue pro ducts with their salary shows MRPP = $156,250 $175,000. This means that partners bring $18,750 ($175,000-$156,250) marginal loss to the firm. oComparing associates marginal revenue products with their salary shows MRPA = $87,500 $70,000. This means that associates bring $17,500 ($87,500-$70,000) marginal profit to the firm. Therefore to help move the company to an optimal combination where profit is maximized, they will have to either reduce the number of partners or have a small increase in the number of associates.This can be done by expanding the number of associates until MRPA = $70,000. After this is done we can recalculate the MRPP to see if it has increased. If the new MRPP = $175,000, no other change involve to be made. Chapter 7 Power Point Problem Stereo Receivers. Do-It-Yourself, Inc. , sells budget-priced stereo pass receivers, in both kit and fully-assembled forms. Customers who assemble their own receivers benefit from the press down kit price of $100 per receive r. Full-service customers enjoy the luxury of an assembled receiver, but tolerate a higher price of $150 per receiver.Both kit and fully assembled receiver prices are stable. The company has observed the following relation between the numbers of assembly workers employed per solar day and assembled receiver output Number of workersFinished receivers 00 18 214 318 420 521 A. )Construct a table showing the net marginal revenue product derived from assembly worker employment. Number of WorkersFinished receiversMarginal Product of Labor (MPL)Net Marginal Revenue Product of Labor (NMRPL) (1)(2)(3)(4) = (3) x $50 00N/AN/A 188$400 146$ three hundred 3184$200 4202$100 5211$50 B. )How many assemblers would Do-It-Yourself employ at a daily wage rate of $120? oDo-It-Yourself would employ 3 workers since from the table above, three workers NMRPL is $200 which is greater () than the $120 they would pay in wages. C. )What is the highest daily wage rate Do-It Yourself would pay to hire four asse mblers per day? oTo hire four assemblers per day, the highest daily wage rate Do-It-Yourself should pay is $100 since thats the NMRPL for the fourth worker.Managerial EconomicsQ1. In a country, the velocity of gold is constant quantity. veritable GDP grows by 5% per year, the money stock by 14% per year, and the nominal interest rate is 11 per cent. What is the real interest rate? A. 1 The following is provided in the irresolution GDP festering rate (Y)- 5% Money Stock harvesting rate (M)-14% Nominal Interest straddle- 11% Velocity Of Money- Constant echt Interest Rate = Nominal interest rate fanfare . fisherman Effect By the quantity equation we have M . V = P. YThe Quantity speculation of Money assumes that V is constant and exogenous. flash= replace in the Money Growth- Change in the GDP Growth Using the above values Inflation= 14% 5% = 9% so Real Interest Rate = 11%- 9%= 2% Therefore the real interest rate is adjusted for rising prices. Q. 2 Suppose a country ha s a money demand function (M/P)d = kY, where k is a constant parameter. The money interpret grows by 12% per year, and real income grows by 4% per year. (a) What is the average inflation rate? b) How would inflation be distinct if real income growth were higher, say 6%? Explain. (c) Suppose, instead of a constant money demand function, the velocity of money in this economy was suppuration steadily, say by 2% per annum because of financial innovation. How would that affect the inflation rate? Explain. A. 2 The Money demand function (M/P)d = kY, where M/P = Real Money Balances k= money people wish to hold for each rupee of income and k= 1/V (a) Average Inflation Rate 12%- 4%= 8% b) If Y=6%, then Inflation is 12% 6 %= 6% Inflation depends upon changes (in this increases) in the Money tag on and Real Income, which is given by the quantity theory of money. So if the money growth rate is greater than the real income growth rate it results in Inflation. In the (a) the money growth rat e was 12% whereas real income growth rate is 4% so the Inflation rate is 8%, whereas in (b) the real income growth rate has increased to 6% and hence the inflation has rate has changed and decreased to 6%. c) The Velocity of money is not constant in this case as assumed in the Quantity theory of money. V=2% The Inflation would now therefore be determined as follows- Inflation rate = Change in Money picture + Change in Velocity Change in Real Income Inflation rate = 12% + 2% 4%=10 % The Inflation in this case is highest and is equal to 10%, this is because the growth rate of money supply is greater than real income growth rate and also because the V is not a constant and hence the a unit of the money is beingness used 2% more.